The invention relates to a mine liquid-CO2 fire preventing and extinguishing process and device for preventing and extinguishing fire by conveying liquid CO2 to an underground fire zone and injecting a fire zone by using the liquid CO2 and utilizing the liquid CO2 to asphyxiate oxygen in the fire zone, cool, decrease temperature and inertly suppress explosion. A mine liquid-CO2 fire preventing and extinguishing system comprises a liquid CO2 tank car (1), a liquid CO2 storage tank (2), a carburetor (10), a self-pressurization pipeline, a liquid inlet and outlet pipeline, and the like; and the fire preventing and extinguishing device comprises the liquid CO2 storage tank (2), the carburetor (10), the self-pressurization pipeline, the liquid inlet and outlet pipeline, and the like, wherein the self-pressurization pipeline comprises a self-pressurization liquid outlet pipeline and a self-pressurization gas intake pipeline and is combined with the carburetor (10) to form a self-pressurization system so as to realize the self comprehension of pressure in the tank. The invention solves the technical problem of the gasification and icing in the liquid CO2 tank and the pipeline conveying process, realizes safe transfer, storage, transmission and injection and has the advantages of high extinguishment speed, simpleness of operation, low cost, operation stability, remarkable fire extinguishment and prevention effects, wide practicability and the like.