The invention discloses a sample preparation method and a compaction device for immature soil base materials. The method comprises the steps that the interior of a mold is coated with a lubricating oil layer, the immature soil base materials are put into the mold layer by layer, the immature soil base material layers in the mold are compacted through a jack every time one layer of immature soil base material is laid, and therefore a sample to be detected is obtained; the compaction speed of the jack is 0.5 mm/s, the compaction pressure of the jack is 18-19 K/N, and the compaction time of the jack is 3-5 min; the compaction device comprises a test bed, the test bed is sequentially provided with a first platform and a second platform in parallel in the horizontal direction from top to bottom, the second platform is coaxially provided with the jack, a gasket, the mold and a pressing column in sequence from bottom to top in the vertical direction, and the top end of the pressing column abuts against the first platform. Compared with a traditional hammer test, a press compaction test and a jack compaction test, the compressive strength of a test piece compacted by the jack is more stable than the compressive strength of a test piece compacted by the other two test methods, test piece overall deformation is good, and the test piece has good ductility when compacted.