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This invention discloses a method for preparing a self-healing hydrogel with both sensing and antibacterial properties. The invention uses a hydrogel prepared from acrylamide (AM) and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SBMA) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as a matrix, silver-coated polydopamine nanoparticles (Ag@PDA NPs) as antibacterial and conductive agents, and 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylphenylacetone (I2959) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as photoinitiators and crosslinking agents. A multifunctional hydrogel with multiple dynamic reversible bonds is prepared by ultraviolet light-initiated self-polymerization. By constructing various dynamic reversible interactions, including covalent and non-covalent bonds and interionic interactions, a self-healing Ag@PDA NPs / AM / SBMA / CNF hydrogel was obtained. Ag and DA were introduced to prepare Ag@PDA with antibacterial, adhesive, and electronic conductivity properties, while zwitterionic SBMA was introduced to provide ionic conductivity. The synergistic effect of these two compounds endows the hydrogel with electrical conductivity. The hydrogel dressing prepared by this method can achieve rapid sterilization while possessing excellent biocompatibility, high adhesion, high conductivity sensing ability, and environmental adaptability.