The invention discloses a membrane distillation seawater desalination device. The membrane distillation seawater desalination device comprises a heat side heating device, a heat side water tank, a membrane distillation reactor, a cold side water tank, a cold side cooling device and a fresh water tank which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein the fresh water tank is also connected with the membrane distillation reactor through the pipeline; the membrane distillation reactor comprises a transparent barrel-shaped shell, a central pipe, a bearing, a pulp board, a water collecting pipe, a membrane distillation module and a water distributing pipe, the top end of the transparent barrel-shaped shell is connected with the heat side water tank through a seawater inlet pipeline, the bottom end is connected with a seawater outlet pipeline, and the central pipe, a bearing, the pulp board, the water collecting pipe, the membrane distillation module and the water distributing pipeare all arranged in the transparent barrel-shaped shell. The membrane distillation seawater desalination device disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the heat in the device is uniformly distributed, the energy utilization efficiency is high, the effluent quality is good, natural light can be utilized for photo-catalysis, and the membrane fouling phenomenon is effectively reduced.