1205 results about "Distillation method" patented technology

A method for distilling ethanol from a mash includes feeding a fluid to a first distillation column. The fluid and a distillate of the first distillation column are delivered to a second distillation column. The fed fluid and/or distillate of the second distillation column is/are purified in a first and/or last step of the method by a membrane separation process.

It is a purpose of this invention to accurately measure the properties of petroleum and petroleum fractions from a small volume of sample oil in a short period of time with less cost and energy for the analysis by vaporizing and distilling the respective components contained in the sample to be measured by a distillation apparatus. The components in the sample oil are first separated and vaporized by the distillation apparatus and the boiling point distribution of the respective components is measured. The property estimation means is equipped with a property estimation model for evaluating the property estimate value outputted from the property estimation model. The method is incorporated into standard or otherwise any distillation test apparatus to provide accurate measure of the thermodynamic and transport properties of undefined multicomponent mixtures such as crude oil, petroleum fractions, gas condensates and the like.

The invention provides a method for extracting heavy liquefaction oil and an intermediate-phase bitumen matter from coal liquefaction residuals and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: adding coal liquefaction residual powder and an extraction solvent to a stirring kettle together for extraction to obtain extraction liquid and extraction residues; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the obtained extraction liquid and extraction residues; carrying out steam stripping on the obtained extraction residues, and recovering an organic phase after oil-water separation; mixing the extraction liquid with the organic phase, and then delivering into a solvent recovery unit; recovering the extraction solvent for recycling use or being returned to a liquefaction productprocessing unit by using a distillation method and/or an evaporation method, wherein residuals obtained after the extraction solvent is recovered are liquefaction residual extractives; delivering theobtained liquefaction residual extractives into a heat treatment unit, and separating the heavy liquefaction oil from the intermediate-phase bitumen matter by using a heating dry distillation method;and adding the obtained heavy liquefaction oil and other recycling solvents in a direct liquefaction process to a coal liquefaction solvent hydrogenation unit together.

The invention relates to the essential oil of tobaccos as well as a preparation method and application thereof to cigarettes. The essential oil of the tobaccos is prepared by the following method of: taking discarded/defective tobacco wastes, extracting by an organic solvent, taking the crude extract of the essential oil, introducing water vapor, condensing and separating oil and water so as to obtain the essential oil of the tobaccos. By adding the essential oil of the tobaccos, which is disclosed by the invention and is used as a flavoring agent, into the tobacco shreds of cigarettes, the self fragrance of the tobaccos can be increased, the quality of the fragrance of the cigarettes is enhanced, the excitation and the miscellaneous gas of the tobaccos are reduced, and smoke is softened. The essential oil of the tobaccos as well as the preparation method and the application thereof to the cigarettes have the advantages that the advantage of higher extracting yield of a solvent extracting method and the characteristic of refinement of a water-vapor distillation extracting method are combined, the yield of the essential oil of the tobaccos is obviously higher than that of a traditional water-vapor distillation method, and extracting equipment and a solvent are simple and convenient and are easy to obtain; and moreover, no solvent residue exists in a final product of the essential oil of the tobaccos, and the safety of the product is high.

Methods of separating components of a mixture, such as crude oil, are disclosed which increase the yield of individual components while decreasing the yield of residue. In one method, a heated mixture is fed to a column, a vapor stream is withdrawn from the column and separated, and a portion of the vapor stream is recycled back to the column. In another method, a mixture is separated into streams composed substantially of components having light, intermediate or heavy molecular weight and/or low, intermediate or high boiling point, respectively, and the streams are fed into the column at different positions. In both methods, individual light, intermediate and/or heavy molecular weight and/or low, intermediate and/or high boiling point component streams are then selectively withdrawn from the column.

A method of separating CO₂ from a hydrocarbon gas inlet stream that is within predetermined pressure and temperature ranges, including the steps of subjecting the inlet stream to fractional distillation providing a CO₂ bottom product stream and a distillation overhead stream, passing the distillation overhead stream to the inlet of a primary reflux drum producing a primary reflux liquid stream and a hydrocarbon vapor stream, subjecting the hydrocarbon vapor stream to membrane separation to provide a hydrocarbon product stream and a permeate stream, compressing the permeate stream and recycling the compressed permeate stream to the inlet of the primary reflux drum thereby providing a CO₂ liquid product and a hydrocarbon gas product.

The inventive device is embodied in the form of a chamber-oven for diffusing vapour and saturated hot air which circulate in a closed circuit by natural convection. Said device is embodied in the form of a domestic-use solar energy collecting device provided with a greenhouse whose surface is equal to 1 m² and produces from 50 to 100 litres/day of distilled water. The device comprises a distillation unit arranged between two furnaces (59′, 79′) in a temperature-controlled container (48′). Said distillation unit comprises 100 flat thin hollow plates having a surface of 20 dm² by face and an active volume of 200 dm³. The fine and tensioned walls (54) of said plates are provided with a hydrophilic coating (60′) and internal (56′) and inter-plate (58′) spaces. The lower chimney (59′) comprises a greenhouse (118′, 119′) whose bottom is embodied in the form of an impermeable black layer provided with a thin hydrophilic carpet on the rear part thereof. Saturated hot air at a temperature of 80° C. enters inside (56′) hollow plates from bellow and exits from the top at a temperature of 50° C. A high chimney (79′) is provided with a monoblock heat exchanger (84′) which is transversed by a non-potable water to be distilled which, afterwards is spread warm (40° C.) over the hydrophilic coating (60′). During passage through the heat exchanger (84) the air is cooled to 30° C. and moved down by gravity to the inter-plate spaces (58′) and exits therefrom at a temperature of 78° C. The distilled water condensed in the plates and by the heat exchanger is collected and removed. Brine is received in the bottom of the inter-plate space and distributed along the thin hydrophilic carpet of the bottom (122′) of the greenhouse. An air current passes along said hot carpet is heated and saturated and enters the plates. The brine liquor finally flows in an air-preheating tank (63′) which is emptied each morning. The greenhouse can be substituted by a heating tube transversed by a heating fluid or associated with another steam-jet tube. The more powerful chamber-ovens can produce at least 200 m³/day of distilled water for collective consumption. Said invention can be used for salt removal from seawater, co-generating electricity and potable water and for producing food concentrates.

The present invention discloses sea water desalination apparatus and method with heat energy of steam to raise heat efficiency. The sea water desalination apparatus in distillation method has several evaporators connected serially with last evaporator connected to condensator, showering system over the evaporator condensating pipe bundle connected to sea water inlet, concentrated water flash tanks and fresh water flash tanks connected to corresponding evaporators separately, concentrated water balance tank connected to the last concentrated water flash tank and product water balance tank connected to the last fresh water flash tank. The present invention is suitable for utilizing steam from thermoelectric power plant or oil refinery to desalt sea water or bitter salty water.

The invention discloses a sea-water distillation apparatus by mechanical compression distillation method which comprises a steam mechanical compressor, a plurality of evaporators and condensation tubes, spraying systems, fresh water tanks and foam trapping nets arranged in the evaporator, wherein the exit of the steam mechanical compressor is connected with the condensation tube in the first evaporator in the multiple evaporators, the condensation tube in the first evaporator is connected with the fresh water tank, the vapor exit of the first evaporator is connected with the condensation tube in the next evaporator, and so on, until the last evaporator, thus multiple effect step by step evaporation is realized by the various evaporators. The invention also discloses a process for sea water desalination by using the sea-water distillator.

The invention relates to the technical field of computer vision, and provides a pulmonary nodule image classification method when uncertain data is contained in a data set. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting a pulmonary nodule CT image set, determining the category of the image through a majority voting principle by utilizing an expert voting method, and preprocessing toobtain a pulmonary nodule CT image data set; then, based on a knowledge distillation method, constructing a pulmonary nodule image classification model comprising a teacher model and a student model;next, obtaining a determined tag data set, training a teacher model on the determined tag data set, and calculating a soft tag on the pulmonary nodule CT image data set; then, training a student model on the data set combining the hard label and the soft label; and finally, inputting the preprocessed CT image to be classified into the trained lung nodule image classification model to obtain the category of the lung nodule image classification model. According to the method, the uncertain label data in the data set can be effectively utilized, the accuracy and efficiency of pulmonary nodule diagnosis are improved, and the usability and robustness are high.

The invention discloses an application method of a graphene sponge. The graphene sponge is applied to absorb organic solvents or oils due to the characteristics of strong organic solvent or oil adsorption capacity and high organic solvent or oil adsorption speed. The application method of the graphene sponge can be applied to the filed of sewage treatment or liquid-liquid separation. Furthermore, after the graphene sponge is applied to absorb the organic solvents or oils, the contamination is removed, namely, the organic solvents or oils are eliminated from the graphene sponge or recycled by adopting the low-pressure distillation and extraction or high-temperature distillation methods, thus the graphene sponge can be used repeatedly.

The distiller includes an exchanger (6) of tubes (7) which fill with the liquid to be treated, means (14) of heating, means (23) for compressing the steam from evaporation of the liquid, means (24) for feeding the compressed steam around the tubes (7) and means (27, 28) for inducing turbulence into the liquid, preferably by making the compressed steam bubble inside it. The method includes heating the liquid and supplying it to the tubes of the exchanger, compressing the resulting steam and bringing it into contact with the exterior of the tubes. The equipment uses a distiller such as that described. The invention permits treatment of sewage and other liquids by distillation, with minimum energy consumption and in a small space.

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-quality rifampicin, solving the problem that the traditional preparation method has the defects such as unfavorable product quality and high cost; the preparation method comprises the operational steps: S-BA liquid is salified by alkalescence sodium bicarbonate during a salification reaction; S is separated out by acetate acid before a cyclization reaction; then, dihydroxy is added for a reaction to obtain oxazine; after the reaction is finished, DMF is recovered by a molecular distillation method and then dissolved by other hydrophilic solvents; oxazine is separated out by an elutriation method; after a hydrolysis reaction and a condensation reaction are finished, an azeotropic distillation method is adopted to recover un-reacted side chains; pH is adjusted and temperature is lowered so that crystals are separated to obtain the crude products of rifampicin; and then the crude products are refined to obtain the high-quality rifampicin. Compared with the existing preparation technique, the preparation method significantly improves the product purity, reduces the production cost, controls the overall quantity of impurities to be lower than 1.5 percent, reduces two thirds of the general consumption of raw materials and more than a half of the usage of 1-methyl-4-aminopyrazine which is a valuable raw material, and eliminates the environmental pollution caused by strong acid and alkali.

This invention relates to a method for distilling an isomer mixture of isocyanate. The method comprises: adding an isomer mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate into a separator, and distilling to obtain at least one product mixture, which comprises: 2,4'-MDI 50-60 wt.%, 4,4'-MDI 40-50 wt.%, 2,2'-MDI less than 1.5 wt.%, 2,4'-MDI less than 1 wt.%, and 4,4'-MDI greater than 99 wt.%. Compared with present distillation methods, the method has such advantages as saved distillation steps, reduced distillation column number, saved energy input, reduced isocyanate loss, and high 4,4'-MDI purity in the product mixture.

A process for recovering the high-concentration sulfuric acid contained sewage generated by electric accumulator factory includes such steps as diffusion dialysis for recovering the most of sulfuric acid, electric dialysis by bipolar membrane to recover the rest of sulfuric acid, mixing the recovered sulfuric acid, and concentrating by distillation method.

The invention discloses a method for treating oil sludge. The method realizes oil sludge integrated treatment by utilization of microwave demulsification dehydration, heat treatment flash evaporation and steam distillation. Concretely, the method comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out a microwave pretreatment demulsification dehydration process on oil sludge to reduce water content of the oil sludge, 2, heating the oil sludge subjected to the microwave pretreatment demulsification dehydration process to a temperature of 100 to 300 DEG C in an oxygen-free environment, feeding the heated oil sludge into a separating column, carrying out a heat treatment flash evaporation process, through condensation, recovering a light oil component and water separated by the heat treatment flashevaporation, and taking out sludge comprising a heavy oil component and solids from the separating column, and 3, carrying out solid-liquid separation of the sludge in the bottom of the separating column, recovering the heavy oil component as a coking or catalytic cracking raw material, and carrying out a steam distillation process on the solids to further recover an oil component from the solids. The method can realize full recovery of various valuable components of oil sludge and has good industrial application economical efficiency.

The invention discloses a system for desalinating seawater by waste heat from a power plant. The system comprises a condenser circulating seawater taking branch system, a seawater multi-stage fresh evaporation branch system and a boiler smoke waste heat heating seawater circulating branch system which are divided according to the flow direction of seawater to be desalinated, and also comprises a vacuum pumping branch system, and a fresh water and seawater pollution discharge branch system, wherein the vacuum pumping branch system and the fresh water and seawater pollution discharge branch system are used as auxiliary systems connected with the seawater multi-stage fresh evaporation branch system. A multi-stage fresh evaporation method is adopted by the system. Because the waste heat of a condenser and boiler smoke of a power plant is utilized, energy sources needed for desalinating the seawater in a conventional distillation method are omitted, the operating cost in desalinating the seawater in a distillation method is reduced, and simultaneously the prepared fresh water is distilled water which can be partially used as supplementing water for the boiler of the power plant, the treatment cost for softening water in the power plant is saved, energy is saved, and the environment is protected.

The invention relates to a method for treating wastewater in iso-octyl thioglycolate production. The method comprises the following specific steps that: when wastewater is treated, firstly, a part of organisms in the wastewater are reclaimed by adopting a self-extraction method; if the wastewater is acidic, the wastewater needs to be neutralized; secondly, a part of COD and solid suspended substances in the wastewater are respectively removed by a method of oxydol oxidation and air flotation purification; the wastewater is absorbed and discolored by active carbon to further remove COD in the wastewater; inorganic salt is removed by a distillation method; and finally the wastewater reaches the national emission standard. The method has obvious treatment effect, makes esterified wastewater, sulfhydrylated wastewater and deoxidized wastewater in iso-octyl thioglycolate production reach the national emission standard and has the effects of simple process and convenient popularization.

The invention discloses a progressive block knowledge distillation method for neural network acceleration. The method specifically comprises the following steps of: inputting an original complex network and related parameters; dividing the original complex network into a plurality of sub-network blocks, designing student sub-network blocks and randomly initializing the parameters; taking the inputoriginal complex network as a teacher network of the first block distillation process and obtaining a student network after the block distillation process is completed, wherein the first student sub-network block has the optimum parameters; taking the student network obtained in the last block distillation process as a teacher network of the next block distillation process so as to obtain a nextstudent network, wherein the student sub-network blocks, the block distillation of which is finished, have the optimum parameters; and obtaining a final simple student network and optimum parameters after all the sub-network block distillation processes are completed. The method is capable of achieving the effect of accelerating model compression on common hardware architecture, is simple to realize, and is an effective, practical and simple deep network model compression acceleration algorithm.

The invention relates to a production method for desalting seawater by de-hardening preprocessing. A chemical method is combined with an ultrafiltration membrane method and a micro filtration membrane method for seawater to extract calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide; and the seawater in which calcium and magnesium ions are extracted is desalted to generate freshwater while the produced strong brine is used for comprehensive utilization. In the method of the invention, after the seawater is subject to de-hardening preprocessing of calcium extraction and magnesium extraction, antisludging agent is not added in the desalting process; thus, freshwater recovery rate for a reverse osmosis process can be above 60%, and the freshwater recovery rate for a distillation method can be above 80%; nanoscale calcium carbonate and nanoscale magnesium hydroxide can be by-produced in the preprocessing process; and after desalted, the strong brine can be comprehensively utilized in a high additional value product mode so as to greatly lower investment and operation cost for desalting the seawater. Thus, the production method of the invention is a typical low-carbon, environmentally-friendly, recycling and economical seawater desalting technology.

A cold method of heated distillation by manipulating bubbles, and cold distillate condensation is described. The continuous method introduces counter-current gas bubbles to a solution under vacuum at cold temperatures, using passive bubble manipulation. This approach accomplishes volatile evaporation at temperatures too low for thermal damage to occur, scrubs distilland mist from evaporated distillate, and condenses distillate by adding little or no heat. The method operates between freezing and ambient temperatures, but primarily near freezing, thus reducing energy consumption, and completely avoiding common thermal damage to delicate aroma, flavor, color, and nutritional distillate constituents that are characteristic of conventional aroma or essence extraction, food or drink concentrations, and chemical separation processes.

The invention discloses a method for preparing low-temperature tobacco material used for a non-combustion cigarette. Mashing is directly carried out on tobacco raw material to prepare a substrate, aroma components are extracted from natural fragrant plant flowers through a supercritical CO2 fluid extraction-molecule distillation method, and then the substrate is coated with the aroma components to obtain the needed low-temperature tobacco material. According to the method, the aroma components contained in the tobacco raw material self are kept to the maximum, and the selectivity of the supercritical CO2 fluid extraction-molecule distillation method is used for achieving directed extraction of low-boiling chemical constituents of the natural fragrant plants, so that regulating and controlling of the chemical constituents of the low-temperature tobacco material are achieved. The prepared low-temperature tobacco material is little in offensive odor and rich in aroma, and promotes a sense organ comfort level significantly.