617 results about "Continuous current" patented technology

A lower-cost and more precise control methodology of regulating the output current of a Flyback converter from the primary side is provided. The methodology regulates the output current accurately in both continuous current mode (CCM) and discontinuous mode (DCM) and can be applied to most small, medium, and high power applications such as cell phone chargers, power management in desktop computers and networking equipment, and, generally, to a wide spectrum of power management applications. Two highly integrated semiconductor chips based on this control methodology are also described that require very few components to build a constant current Flyback converter.

An illuminated electric toothbrush comprising a light emitting diode emitting light having a flux density of at least about 30 mW / cm2. An illuminated electric toothbrush having this level of flux density can result in an oral care benefit such as whitening. When this toothbrush is used within the oral cavity the heat generated by the toothbrush remains low enough that the surface temperature of the teeth remains below about 43° C. The flux density of at least about 30 mW / cm2 can be achieved by overpowering the light emitting diode, by using a light emitting diode having at least about two dices, and by providing a pulsed or non-continuous current to the LED which results in a pulsing or non-continuous light.

A lower-cost and more precise control methodology of regulating the output current of a Flyback converter from the primary side is provided, which works accurately in both continuous current mode (CCM) and discontinuous mode (DCM), and can be applied to most small, medium and high power applications such cell phone chargers, power management in desktop computers and networking equipment, and, generally, to a wide spectrum of power management applications. Two highly integrated semiconductor chips based on this control methodology are also described that require very few components to build a constant current Flyback converter.

An improved level shifter circuit that toggles a "flying Flip-Flop" comprising a cross-coupled inverter pair with control devices driven out of phase through a pair of cascode transistors. The cross-coupled inverter pair provides pull-up to the positive rail, clamping to a High Side-Common (HSC), and providing Hysteretic Switching. The cascode transistors restrict the pull-down of the control devices, thereby preventing continuous current conduction.

A method and corresponding apparatus for regulating a system that produces electric power, the system including an electric alternator having a rotor integral with a rotating part of a wind machine to form a rotary assembly, and a power electronics module, the method including the steps of: producing an alternating current at output terminals of the alternator; converting the alternating current produced by the alternator into modulated pulses of direct current. Alternating electric current produced by the alternator is regulated by controlling the speed of rotation of the rotary assembly by resisting torque imposed by the alternator in response to modulating the pulses of continuous current produced by the converted the alternating current.

An illuminated electric toothbrush comprising a light emitting diode emitting light having a flux density of at least about 30 mW / cm2. An illuminated electric toothbrush having this level of flux density can result in an oral care benefit such as whitening. When this toothbrush is used within the oral cavity the heat generated by the toothbrush remains low enough that the surface temperature of the teeth remains below about 43° C. The flux density of at least about 30 mW / cm2 can be achieved by overpowering the light emitting diode, by using a light emitting diode having at least about two dices, and by providing a pulsed or non-continuous current to the LED which results in a pulsing or non-continuous light.

An LED dimming includes: current adjusting means (constant current circuit) for variably controlling a magnitude of a current flowing through an LED load; switching means (transistor) for intermittently controlling the current flowing through the LED load; and dimming controlling means (microcomputer) for controlling the current adjusting means and the switching means upon receiving a dimming signal outputted from a dimmer. In a case where the dimming signal outputted from the dimmer is on a higher brightness side than a predetermined level, the dimming controlling means flows a continuous current though the LED load, and dims the LED load based on a magnitude of the flowing current, and in a case where the dimming signal outputted from the dimmer is on a lower brightness side than the predetermined level, the dimming controlling means flows a pulse current through the LED load, and changes a mean value of waveforms of the pulse current, thereby dims the LED load. In this LED dimming apparatus, noise is less likely to occur even in a case where such an LED current is large, and brightness is less likely to vary even in a case where a dimming degree is increased.

An LED dimming includes: current adjusting means (constant current circuit) for variably controlling a magnitude of a current flowing through an LED load; switching means (transistor) for intermittently controlling the current flowing through the LED load; and dimming controlling means (microcomputer) for controlling the current adjusting means and the switching means upon receiving a dimming signal outputted from a dimmer. In a case where the dimming signal outputted from the dimmer is on a higher brightness side than a predetermined level, the dimming controlling means flows a continuous current though the LED load, and dims the LED load based on a magnitude of the flowing current, and in a case where the dimming signal outputted from the dimmer is on a lower brightness side than the predetermined level, the dimming controlling means flows a pulse current through the LED load, and changes a mean value of waveforms of the pulse current, thereby dims the LED load. In this LED dimming apparatus, noise is less likely to occur even in a case where such an LED current is large, and brightness is less likely to vary even in a case where a dimming degree is increased.

A memory array according to a particular embodiment of the invention includes a substrate, a plurality of first select-lines disposed in a plurality of planes generally parallel to the substrate, a plurality of second select-lines formed in pillars disposed generally orthogonal to the substrate, a plurality of memory cells coupled to the first select-lines and the second select-lines, and a current path connection providing a continuous current path through a selected plurality of the pillars to heat the selected pillars and cause at least one memory cell associated with the selected pillars to be reset.

The invention provides a novel three-phase PFC (power factor correction) rectifier. The novel three-phase PFC rectifier is characterized in that three-phase input currents are respectively rectified by a full-wave rectifier circuit in a full-bridge mode after input voltages of three-phase alternating-current input ends are transmitted through respective boost inductors, switch circuits are respectively arranged between the boost inductors and middle points M of output voltages of output ends in a connected manner, voltages of output capacitors C1 and C2 of the output ends are boosted and stabilized by the switch circuits by means of PWM (Pulse width modulation) required by corresponding phases, and accordingly constant voltages V<o> can be outputted even under the condition of variation of loads R of the output ends in design ranges; magnet excitation and demagnetization circuits which comprise capacitors are formed between the middle points M of the output voltages of the output ends and nodes of the input voltages of the three-phase alternating-current input ends, so that the boost inductors can be decoupled under working conditions and can work in critical current modes. The novel three-phase PFC rectifier has the advantages that the novel three-phase PFC rectifier can work in the critical current modes (CRM) and also can work in CCM (continuous current mode) or DCM (discontinuous current mode) states according to requirements, and accordingly requirements on high power density and high efficiency can be met.

A control circuit coupled to a power line controlled by a dimmer having a switching device includes, for example, an active power factor correction circuit receiving power from a bridge rectifier and storage capacitor and drawing an average continuous current when the switching device is “on.” An LED power driving circuit receives a controlled current from the active power factor correction circuit and generates an output current received by at least one LED outputting visible light. A positive voltage feedback circuit senses a feedback voltage across the LED, through the LED power driving circuit, and sends the feedback voltage to the active power factor correction circuit. A pump back power circuit is electrically coupled to the LED power driving circuit and applies a bias voltage to an output of the bridge rectifier to power the active power factor correction circuit when the switching device is “off.”

It is an object of the present invention to prevent a bright pixel defect caused by continuous current flow into a pixel, or to provide a display device in which effects on the surrounding pixels due to concentration of current on a part of the pixel can be suppressed. A display device according to the invention has a wiring for supplying current provided over an insulating surface, and a pixel electrode connected to the wiring. The pixel electrode has a layered structure of a plurality of different conductive films. Further, the pixel electrode has a narrow width region at least in a region where the wiring and the pixel electrode are electrically connected to each other. For example, a layered structure of a metal film and a transparent electrode can be used as a plurality of different conductive films.

A switched reluctance drive, operating either as a motor or a generator, is controlled in a stable manner in the continuous current mode in the presence of supply voltage or electrical load variation. The use of a current control parameter Ix in addition to the conventional on- and off-angles θon, θoff gives the ability to operate smoothly in the continuous current mode and to transition smoothly between operating modes. Once the phase current reaches a pre-determined level Ix, the phase winding may be placed in a freewheel state, thereby controlling the standing current in the phase winding and / or the output voltage.

The invention discloses a detection device and a detection method for series arc faults. The detection device comprises a continuous current collection module, which is used for continuously collecting current at a fixed sampling rate through an A / D (Analog to Digital) converter, a signal preprocessing module, which is used for carrying out moving average processing on collected data, an arc fault processing and analyzing module, which is used for computing a rate of change of current, a sum of previous N harmonics and a harmonic time domain waveform effective value, identifying an arc according to the three variables and giving a corresponding command, a sound-light alarm module, a drive module and a tripping control module, which are used for deciding whether sound-light alarm is carried out and a circuit is disconnected according to the command of the arc fault processing and analyzing module, and a communication module, which is communicated with the exterior through an RS485 interface. According to the detection device and the detection method, a time domain and a frequency domain are together utilized to judge whether the arc fault occurs, and through analyzing and testing, the method has the advantages of simplicity in operation, easiness in implementation, low cost and misjudgment rate and high detection probability.

The invention relates to a continuous flow micro-reactor for medicine and fine chemical production and preparation and application thereof. The invention belongs to the technical field of the micro-reactor and preparation and application thereof. The reactor device consists of a liquor storage tank, a constant flow pump, a micro-mixer, serpentiform double helix capillary reaction pipes, an optical detector, a constant temperature bath and a connecting duct. The continuous flow micro-reactor is capable of making a reactant move back and forth continuously and spirally in the internal and external path coiled reaction pipes, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of local overheating for the reaction in the prior reactor vessel. The invention also provides a preparation method for the reactor and a method for synthesizing chalcone compounds through the reactor. The continuous flow micro-reactor has the advantages of compact structure, simple preparation, convenient use, high reaction efficiency, low power consumption, little pollution, and the like. The continuous flow micro-reactor can carry out continuous production and on-line tracking of the reaction process and has bright market prospect.

A battery-charging device, having a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function, for a stand-alone generator system includes a DC / DC power converter and a control circuit used to control the DC / DC power converter. The method applied in the device includes: performing a MPPT function to supply a continuous current when electric power generated from the electrical power source of the stand-alone generator system is low; operating a pulse charging function and continuing the MPPT function when the electric power generated from the electrical power source of the stand-alone generator system is high and not greater than the summation of load power and a maximum charging power of the pulse charging method for the battery; terminating the MPPT function while the electric power is greater than the summation of load power and the maximum charging power of the pulse charging method for the battery; operating a constant-voltage charging mode when the battery voltage is greater than a predetermined constant charging voltage.

A circuit is provided for over-driving a super-luminescent light emitting diode having a maximum forward continuous current rating. A power supply provides a pulse width modulated signal to an analog memory connected to the power supply and a pulse generator. The pulse generator includes a window comparator engaged with the analog memory, and is responsive to a portion of the pulse width modulated signal. A power driver that is controlled by the output of the pulse generator, is operably connected with the super-luminescent light emitting diode and with the power supply so as to energize the super-luminescent light emitting diode with a current that is above the maximum forward continuous current rating by between two and ten times that rated current. A signal is also provided along with a method of over-driving a super-luminescent light emitting diode.

A switching power supply is provided which is capable of preventing abnormal operation of a synchronous rectifier circuit thereof, which is caused by a discontinuous current mode, and capable of enhancing an input power factor thereof. A transformer has a primary winding and a secondary winding. A first switching element is connected in series with the primary winding of the transformer, for switching an input voltage. A diode rectifies an induced voltage induced in the secondary winding of the transformer to generate a rectified current. A control signal is generated which has a current value or a voltage value approximately proportional to a current value of the rectified current. A second switching element is connected in parallel with the diode in an equivalent fashion and has a control terminal to which the control signal is input. The second switching element operates in response to the control signal for rectifying the induced voltage. A current is prevented from flowing into the primary winding during an OFF period of the first switching element.

The present invention relates generally to a circuit breaker. More particularly, the invention encompasses a modular circuit breaker. The present invention is also directed to a novel a modular circuit breaker with a trip bar. The inventive two pole residential circuit breaker includes an Arc Fault and Ground Fault electronic detection system. The modular breaker design includes an electronic system used for tripping a designated mechanism pole which in turn trips the secondary mechanism pole. Electronic components are included that sense the continuous current flow through each mechanism pole simultaneously to determine when a trip event is needed. The electronic system of this invention includes a self diagnostic system with electronic visual indicators that display the method of which trip condition occurred.

The invention relates to a method for treating magnesium alloy surface, wherein cleaned magnesium alloy being taken as catelectrode and commercial-purity aluminum as anode are placed in electroplating solution, continuous current is adopted to electroplate, electroplating solution is mixture of AlCl3 and inorganic salt or organic salt, and temperature and current density are fixed according to different salts. The invention makes use of protection and decoration of aluminum to increase applicability of magnesium alloy, cut cost of surface treatment largely and increase its barrier property.

An apparatus for detecting a switching current of the power converter, wherein the apparatus includes a signal generation circuit, a sample-and-hold circuit, and a calculating circuit. The signal generation circuit generates a sample signal in accordance with the pulse width of a switching signal. The sample-and-hold circuit is coupled to receive the sample signal and switching current signal for generating a first current signal and a second current signal. The calculating circuit is coupled to receive the first current signal and the second current signal for generating output signals. The switching signal is used for switching the magnetic device of the power converter, and the switching current signal is correlated to the switching current of the power converter; the output signals are correlated to the value of the switching current of the power converter.

A transition mode power factor correction converter comprising a boost inductor, a switch, a diode, and output tank capacitor, has circuit means of limitation of the off-time interval of the switch to a fraction of the off-time interval, “complementary” to the on-time interval that is normally controlled for regulating the output voltage, during part of a cycle of a rectified sinusoidal voltage waveform input to the converter, when the current flowing in the inductor reaches a maximum threshold, causing the mode of operation of the device to switch from transition mode to continuous current mode for a middle phase angle region of a rectified sinusoidal input voltage waveform, under high load conditions, defined by said maximum current threshold. Current peaks amplitude and ripple are effectively reduced for same output power.

The invention discloses a bridgeless power factor correcting circuit and a control method thereof. The circuit comprises a switch module which allows current to flow in double directions, an inductor, and an auxiliary winding which is coupled with the inductor and generates a sense signal, wherein the sense signal is used for generating an inductive current detection signal; and when a value of the inductive current detection signal is the preset value, the switch module which allows the current to flow in the double directions is switched on.

The device (10) for controlling a lamp including LEDs emitting light in at least two different colors comprises at least two current sources (14,16,18) of which each is assigned to a group of LEDs (20,24,26) emitting light of the same colors; and is arranged to supply these LEDs (20,24,26) with a continuous current having an adjustable amplitude. Further, the device (10) comprises a control unit (30) for controlling the current sources (14,16,18) to adjust the amplitudes of the currents generated by the current sources (14,16,18) so as to generate a desired color of the mixed light emitted by the totality of the LEDs (20,24,26), and a setting unit (36) for influencing the total current of all current sources (14,16,18) to thus set the intensity of the mixed light.

The invention discloses a power factor corrector. The power factor corrector comprises an input AC power supply Vac, a rectifier bridge, a PFC inductance, a switching tube, an output rectifier tube, an output filter capacitor, a load, a continuous current mode PFC control unit, an output voltage detection circuit and a current sampling resistance; in order to enable the power factor corrector to regulate the working frequency according to the amount of output current, the circuit also comprises an output current detecting and amplifying circuit and a voltage-controlled oscillator; and the output current detecting and amplifying circuit is connected between the negative pole of the load and the negative pole of the output filter capacitor, the output end thereof is connected at the input end of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the output end of the voltage-controlled oscillator is connected at the frequency input end of the continuous current mode PFC control unit. The working frequency of the power factor corrector is regulated by the output current, thereby reducing the switching loss and the capacitive loss of the power factor corrector under the non-full load condition, and improving the average efficiency of the power factor corrector.

A valley current mode DC-to-DC converter may include an electronic control system configured to cause the DC-to-DC converter to operate under a continuous current mode and a discontinuous current mode. The electronic control system may include a current sensing system configured to sense current traveling through an inductance, a dual threshold generator configured to generate a first and a different second threshold, and a comparator system configured to compare current sensed by the current sensing system with the first threshold when the DC-to-DC converter is operating in the continuous current mode and with the second threshold when the DC-to-DC converter is operating in the discontinuous current mode.

The invention relates to a method for heating lube of a frequency conversion air-conditioning compressor. A PWM signal is output through a singlechip; two IGBTs for driving the frequency conversion compressor which are connected with a two-phase coil in the compressor respectively and form a loop are opened; and the coil is heated; one of the IGBTs is closed so that the coil produces opposing electromotive force to form a continuous current loop. The method has the following characteristics: under the environment of lower outdoor temperature, the method allows a frequency conversion air conditioner to carry out heating and melting on the lube effectively, ensures the normal startup of the compressor, avoids the occurrence of faults caused by overcurrent of the compressor, does not add extra hardware equipment, only improves the heating method on the basis of the prior circuit and saves the expense for purchasing an additional electric heating belt.

The invention relates to a voltage space vector control device and a voltage space vector control method for soft start. At present, a soft start technology has the problems of high starting current and low starting torque, and frequency converter soft start has the shortcoming of difficulty in the implementation of power frequency switching. A three-phase alternating current power supply is used for supplying power, six electric GTOs (gate-turn-off thyristors) can be reversely connected in parallel, an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) is adopted for a continuous current circuit, a voltage space vector control circuit is formed under the control of a microcontroller, and a current transformer is used for transmitting a three-phase current signal to the microcontroller for current limiting start and current monitoring. The phases A, B and C of the power supply of a three-phase alternating current asynchronous motor are subjected to alternating current voltage regulation and frequency modulation control under the control of the microcontroller, a voltage space vector control strategy is used for realizing hexagonal flux linkage track control over the alternating current motor, the voltage / frequency ratio is relatively stable, and the stability of main magnetic flux of the motor is ensured.

Portable electromechanical tool comprising a unit (2) enclosing a continuous current electric motor (23) powered by a storage battery (4), a mechanical reduction gear (25) driven by the output shaft of said motor, which activates a working head (3) by means of a device (40) for converting the rotary motion of the motor (23) into a longitudinal translation movement, which is transmitted to said working head (3). According to the invention, said converting device (40) comprises a planetary roller screw, said screw comprising a threaded part (41), which is driven in rotation by said reduction gear to transmit motion via planetary rollers (43) to a threaded nut (42) that drives a mobile part (5) of said working head (3) in translation.

The invention relates to a formation method of a lithium iron secondary battery. The method is that the battery is carried out a formation under the formation temperature; the continuous current is used for charging to V1 volt; the circulation continuous current is used for charging and discharge at least once under the volt of V1 to V2; the continuous current is used for charging to V3 volt; the circulation continuous current is used for charging and discharge at least once under the volt of V3 to V4; a relation is existed in the voltages: voltage V1 < voltage V2 < voltage V3 < voltage V4. The invention, through providing the formation method for battery, can solve the impact to the battery charge from the gas persistence and obtain the even and stable SEL film as well as cause the battery to have a good circulation performance.