The invention discloses a fireproof flame-retardant plastic optical cable which is characterized by comprising a plastic optical fiber and a sheath wrapping the outer side of the plastic optical fiber. The plastic optical fiber comprises a plastic optical fiber core wire and a covering layer formed on the plastic optical fiber core wire; the plastic optical fiber core wire is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of an allyl methyl carbonate/GAM MA-butyrolactone-3-yl methacrylate/2-methyl-4-pentanoic acid copolymer, 4-8 parts of a nano hybrid hyperbranched polymer HB-SiO2, and 1-2 parts of boric acid; the covering layer is prepared from the following raw materials through ultraviolet curing: 5 to 8 parts of 2-[3-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl] ethyl 2-methacrylate, 15 to 25 parts of 2, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate, 8 to 12 parts of vinyl hyperbranched polysiloxane, 1 to 3 parts of glass fiber, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of a coupling agent and 0.4 to 0.8 part of a photoinitiator. The fireproof flame-retardant plastic optical cable disclosed by the invention is remarkable in fireproof flame-retardant effect, excellent in heat resistance, good in chemical corrosion resistance, aging resistance and durability and small in transmission loss.