The invention discloses a method and a system for counting vertical reciprocating movements based on a mobile terminal. The method comprises steps: S1, a video is acquired and stored at a preset visual point; S2, the video image acquired at the current time is detected whether to have a first image associated with a vertical reciprocating movement object, if yes, the position information of the first image is acquired, and a third step is executed, and if not, the second step is returned and executed; S3, according to the position information of the first image, a rectangular frame template is adopted to calibrate a first image in each frame of video image; S4, according to a calibration time sequence, the position information of the rectangular frame template in each frame of video image is extracted, and the position information is sequentially stored in a first queue in a first queue group according to the calibration time sequence; and S5, the first queue in the first queue group is processed and analyzed to acquire whether the first image completes a preset action, if the first image completes the preset action, the times for completing the preset action are accumulated, and the third step is returned and executed.