The invention relates to a method using charcoal for promoting anaerobic digestion of sludge to produce methane, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) adding 0.5 to 5% by volume of the dry charcoal powder into the sludge to obtain a mixed material, adjusting the mixed material pH value to 7.5-8; and (2) putting the mixed material into a sealed anaerobic digestion device for anaerobic digestion of the sludge in the condition of an intermediate temperate of 30-40 DEG C or a high temperature of 50 to 60 DEG C by means of stirring. Compared with the prior art, the charcoal powder is used as an adding material, organic matters in the sludge are fully recycled and reused, the environment pollution is reduced, the sludge anaerobic digestion time is brought forward by 15-25%, the methane production yield is increased by 40-60%; the method is simple in operation, low in investment and treatment cost, and conductive to reducing environment pollution of the sludge, separation of organic remains produced by the anaerobic digestion of the sludge and the charcoal is not needed, and the organic remains can be directly applied to soil as a soil conditioner.