The invention provides a reciprocating buoyancy regulating unit for an autonomous profile buoy platform. The reciprocating buoyancy regulating unit comprises a control module, an air drive module, a hydraulic drive module, an oil-air bag, and a high-pressure copper pipe. The air drive module comprises an air pump I, a one-way valve I, a pressure sensor I and an air valve I. The hydraulic drive module comprises a plunger cylinder, an oil tank, a one-way valve set, an electric throttle valve, a one-way valve II, an air pump II, a pressure sensor II and an air valve II. The control module is connected with the air pump I, the air valve I and the pressure sensor I in the air drive module through wires. The control module is connected with the air pump II, the pressure sensor II, the air valve II, a level sensor, the plunger cylinder and the electric throttle valve in the hydraulic drive module through wires. The control module is used for controlling actions of devices connected thereto. The reciprocating buoyancy regulating unit has the advantages that oil quantity adjustment is increased greatly to increase buoyancy adjustability in a buoy without changing the size of the buoy.