The invention discloses a color image encryption and decryption method and system based on double chaotic cross-diffusion. First, the parameters of Logistic and ChebyShev iterations are randomly generated, and then the initial key required for Logistic and ChebyShev iterations is input, and the transient state is eliminated by multiple iterations. Afterwards, Logistic and ChebyShev are used to iterate three times, and the results of the iterations are used as the initial keys for encryption, thereby actually increasing the key space. Then take the pixel in the picture, if the value corresponding to the pixel position is an odd number, use ChebyShev iteration to get the encryption key, otherwise use Logistic iteration to get the encryption key, so as to reduce the correlation between adjacent pixels. Then use the three channels of R, G, and B of this pixel to perform XOR operation with the R', G', and B' of the previous encrypted pixel to diffuse. The present invention reduces the number of iterations on the premise of ensuring safety, can reduce encryption time, and improves efficiency, and is especially suitable for image encryption of mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers that require high real-time performance.