The invention discloses a device backboard high-speed bus link layer communication protocol based on M-LVDS, adopting the variable data bit wide design, being suitable for large data volume communication of different data bandwidth requirement, adopting collision detection and lossless arbitration to compete for speaking right, adopting the priority rotate method for guaranteeing roll polling speak for each node, preventing occupying the bus for some node for a long time and supporting the hot plug function, the normal communication of other nodes on the bus is not impacted while any abnormal node drops out, the stability and reliability are high. The bus physical layer adopts M-LVDS with high-level ESD protection function, the reflection and EMI can be reduced by controlling the slew rate, the signal integrity is raised for greatly raising the system stability. The device backboard high-speed bus link layer communication protocol based on M-LVDS is used for realizing the industrial control, relay protection and high speed peer data interaction among modules in the safe automatic device, and satisfying the high real time performance, high reliability, flexible and extensible performance requirement to the protection control system for the intelligent power grid.