Rechargeable lithium/water, lithium/air batteries

a rechargeable, lithium-ion battery technology, applied in the direction of cell components, light radiation electric generators, sustainable manufacturing/processing, etc., can solve the problems of premature depletion of lithium and battery cycle life, affecting the charge transport to the underlying, and affecting the commercialization of lithium cells

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a rechargeable, lithium-ion battery technology, applied in the direction of cell components, light radiation electric generators, sustainable manufacturing/processing, etc., can solve the problems of premature depletion of lithium and battery cycle life, affecting the charge transport to the underlying, and affecting the commercialization of lithium cells

US20070221265A1Inactive Publication Date: 2007-09-27SION POWER CORP

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example 1

Fabrication and Characterization of Lamanode Structures

[0125] Lamanode structures, e.g., structures including a first and second layers of Li separated by an embedded layer that is conductive to Li ions, but substantially non-conductive to electrons, were fabricated by thermal evaporation (vacuum deposition) of Li on a PET substrate in two layers of Li with different thickness. The two layers of Li were separated by an embedded layer of a low-conductive material, e.g., LiPON, Li3N or etc. The ratio of the thickness of top and bottom Li layers was calculated based on a required DoD (depth of discharge) of the first discharge and was in the range between 0.2 to 0.4. A layer of about 0.01 to 1 micron LiPON was deposited on top of the bottom thicker Li layer by rf magnetron spattering from a Li3PO4 target in an N2 atmosphere. A thinner Li layer, e.g., 5 microns, was thermally evaporated on top of the embedded layer.

[0126] The top (thinner) Li layer interfacing the electrolyte was diss...

example 2

Cycle Lives of Lamanode Structures

[0136] This example shows that the Li cycling efficiency increases and the cycle life is longer for cells including laminode structures compared to cells having single layers of base electrode materials.

[0137] To fabricate control cells, prismatic cells with thermal evaporated Li on one side of 23 micron thickness of PET, Separator Tonen and a cathode containing 65% S coated on one side of a Rexam Al foil were sealed in a bag of Sealright. A mixture of ethers and Li imide salt was used as an electrolyte. The working surface of the anode was 400 cm2. The cells were tasted for cycle life performance at a discharge current of 200 mA to a cut-off of 1.8 V, and charge current of 0.1 A for 4 hours. Cycling results obtained from three control cells were obtained.

[0138] The same cell design as described above was built but with a first laminode anode structure (or “sandwich anode”) instead of a single-layered anode. The first laminode structure included ...

example 3

Effects of Different Types of Anode Protection on Discharge Capacity

[0143] This example shows effects of different types of anode protection on discharge capacity of a cell.

[0144] The control used in these experiments included a VDLi / CO2 structure, equivalent to a Li foil. A first test structure included a VDLi / CO2 / polymer (1500-2500 Angstroms) structure. A second test structure included a VDLi / CO2 / polymer (1500-2500 Angstroms) structure. A third test structure included a laminode (Sandwich anode) of VDLi / LiPON / VDLi / CO2 / SPE. In this particular experiment, each of the cells were cycled several times, and an improvement of 30-40% in cycle life was obtained when the cell included a polymer layer compared to a cell without a polymer layer. A significant improvement in cycle life was obtained when a cell included an embedded layer of LiPON compared to a cell without an embedded layer. A cell that included a laminode structure having an embedded layer and a polymer layer, e.g., a VDLi / L...

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Abstract

Electrochemical cells, and more specifically, rechargeable batteries comprising lithium anodes for use in water and / or air environments, as well as non-aqueous and non-air environments, are presented. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes an anode comprising lithium and a multi-layered structure positioned between the anode and an electrolyte of the cell. A multi-layered structure can include at least a first single-ion conductive material layer (e.g., a lithiated metal layer), and at least a first polymeric layer positioned between the anode and the single-ion conductive material. The invention also can provide an electrode stabilization layer positioned within the electrode, i.e., between one portion and another portion of an electrode, to control depletion and re-plating of electrode material upon charge and discharge of a battery. Advantageously, electrochemical cells comprising combinations of structures described herein are not only compatible with environments that are typically unsuitable for lithium, but the cells may be also capable of displaying long cycle life, high lithium cycling efficiency, and high energy density.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application entitled, “Lithium / Water, Lithium / Air Batteries,” filed on Mar. 22, 2006.FIELD OF INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to rechargeable electrochemical cells, and more specifically, to electrochemical cells comprising lithium anodes for use in water and / or air environments. BACKGROUND [0003] There has been considerable interest in recent years in developing high energy density batteries with lithium containing anodes. Lithium metal is particularly attractive as the anode of electrochemical cells because of its extremely light weight and high energy density, compared for example to anodes, such as lithium intercalated carbon anodes, where the presence of non-electroactive materials increases weight and volume of the anode, and thereby reduces the energy density of the cells, and to other electrochemical systems with, for example, nickel or cadmium electrodes. ...

Claims

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Application Information

Patent Timeline

27 Sep 2007

Publication

US20070221265A1

IPC: H02N6/00; H01L25/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/13

CPC: H01M4/02; Y02E60/122; H01M4/366; H01M4/385; H01M4/66; H01M4/661; H01M10/36; H01M10/4235

Inventors: AFFINITO, JOHN D.; MIKHAYLIK, YURIY V.