The invention relates to a rigidity and damping multistage adjustable oil-pneumatic suspension and a control method, and belongs to the field of combination of hydraulic and pneumatic engineering, mechanical engineering and vehicle engineering. The rigidity and damping multistage adjustable oil-pneumatic suspension comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a damping valve, a switch electromagnetic valve andan energy accumulator, the energy accumulator adopts a diaphragm type energy accumulator, an oil cavity of the energy accumulator and a nitrogen chamber are separated by an energy accumulator diaphragm, and the energy accumulator comprises a first energy accumulator A and a second energy accumulator B which are respectively connected with switch valves 9 and 10 in series; a damping adjusting mechanism comprises two switch electromagnetic valves 7 and 8, three throttle valves 4, 5 and 6 and a one-way valve 3, the throttle valves 5 and 6 are respectively connected with the switch electromagnetic valves 7 and 8 in series, and the throttle valves 4, 5 and 6 are connected with one another in parallel. According to the rigidity and damping multistage adjustable oil-pneumatic suspension system,the rigidity and damping can be adjusted according to loads and road conditions, the adaptability of a vehicle to different roads is improved, the driving performance of the vehicle is improved, and the rigidity and damping multistage adjustable oil-pneumatic suspension has the advantages of being convenient to disassemble and assemble, reliable in work, capable of effectively improving the driving comfort and safety of the vehicle and the like.