The invention relates to an encoder adaptive adjustment method based on subjective quality evaluation. The method comprises the following steps: step A, through analyzing influences exerted by encoding parameters and configuration conditions on a video stream code rate, establishing an HEVC encoder parameter model; step B, by use of subjective perception of a terminal user for received video quality, establishing a subjective QoE model integrally taking encoder arrangement and network loss factors into consideration; and step C, based on the established subjective QoE model, for video service of multiple users, constructing an adaptive adjustment algorithm maximizing total QoE of all the users under the condition of a limited channel capacity. Compared to the prior art, the method provided by the invention substantially improves user total satisfaction under the condition of multiple users, at the same time, supports resource distribution according to user priorities, and has great significance on improvement of system performance and optimization of network resource distribution.