The invention provides a polyimide fibrous membrane with crosslinking morphology and a preparation method thereof. Binary acid anhydride and diamine are adopted to perform solution condensation polymerization, so as to prepare a precursor of polyimide, i.e. polyamide acid; then a polyamide acid fibrous membrane is prepared by electrostatic spinning. The polyamide acid fibrous membrane is pretreated, and is heated to 200 to 250 DEG C, so as to obtain a partially imidized fibrous membrane, afterwards the partially imidized fibrous membrane is immersed into a soluble solvent of the polyamide acid for performing slightly soluble crosslinking treatment, is dried, and is subjected to high temperature thermal imidization so as to obtain the polyimide fibrous membrane with the crosslinking morphology. The prepared polyimide fibrous membrane has a crosslinking structure, the mechanical property is greatly improved, the pore structure is adjustable, crosslinking degree and pore structure distribution are adjusted by changing pretreatment temperature and solvent treatment time, the preparation process is simple, the process is easy to form, and the industrialized application prospect is very good.