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This specification provides a method and related apparatus for determining the operating state of a battery system and a battery pack. The battery system includes: a battery pack having multiple battery cells; the multiple battery cells include a target battery cell; when the battery pack reaches a discharge cutoff voltage, the voltage of the target battery cell is greater than the voltage of at least one other battery cell; a controller configured to, during the constant current charging and discharging process of the battery pack, acquire and record specified state parameters of the target battery cell as first state parameters when the operating voltage of the battery pack reaches a reference operating voltage; and, after at least a partial constant current charging and discharging process, when the operating voltage of the battery pack changes back to the reference operating voltage, acquire and record specified state parameters of the target battery cell as second state parameters; and determine the operating state of the battery pack based on the change in state parameters between the first and second state parameters. Therefore, the operating state of the battery pack can be determined relatively accurately.