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Shaped, preferably porous, inorganic bodies are provided which are prepared from a reactive blend. In accordance with one preferred embodiment, the solution is absorbed into a porous sacrificial substrate such as a cellulose sponge. The solution-saturated substrate is heated and an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs thereby forming an inorganic solid. A shaped, inorganic body is formed in situ. Optional, but preferred additional thermal treatment of the shaped, inorganic body removes the organic substrate, leaving an inorganic body that faithfully mimics the porosity, shape, and other physical characteristics of the organic substrate. Inorganic substrates may also be used to good effect. Large varieties of shaped bodies can be prepared in accordance with other embodiments of the invention and such shapes find wide use in surgery, laboratory and industrial processes and otherwise. The invention also provides chemically and morphologically uniform powders, including those having uniformly small sizes.

Pyrolyzing gasification system and method of use including primary combustion of non-uniform solid fuels such as biomass and solid wastes within a refratory lined gasifier, secondary combustion of primary combustion gas within a staged, cyclonic, refractory lined oxidizer, and heat energy recovery from the oxidized flue gas within an indirect air-to-air all-ceramic heat exchanger or external combustion engine. Primary combustion occurs at low substoichiometric air percentages of 10-30 percent and at temperatures below 1000 degrees F. Secondary combustion is staged and controlled for low NOx formation and prevention of formation of CO, hydrocarbons, and VOCs. The gasifier includes a furnace bed segmented into individual cells, each cell is independently monitored using a ramp temperature probe, and provided with controlled air injection. Gasifier air injection includes tuyere arrays, lances, or both. The oxidizer includes three serially aligned stages separated by air injecting baffles, and ability to adjust the exit air temperature.