The invention relates to the technical field of bridge deformation detection, and discloses a bridge deformation detection method and system, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the pre-analysis of a bridge, and arranging deformation monitoring points; laying an image acquisition device, and matching laying reference points to form a reference plane; acquiring a bridge image as a basic image when no pedestrian or vehicle runs on the bridge, and measuring and calculating to obtain space coordinates of an image acquisition device, a deformation monitoring point and a reference point; when pedestrians or vehicles run on the bridge, performing image acquisition on the bridge according to a preset frequency to obtain a deformation image; establishing a three-dimensional deformationcoordinate system O-XYZ to obtain three-dimensional deformation values of the deformation monitoring points, and summarizing the three-dimensional deformation values to obtain a dynamic deformation curve graph of the deformation monitoring points in X, Y and Z directions. The dynamic deformation of the bridge can be monitored in real time, static deformation can be measured, potential risks are effectively warned, the operation is easy, the cost is low, and wide application prospects are achieved.