A bone rongeur for an operation comprises a clamping rongeur head formed by hinging an upper rongeur head body and a lower rongeur head body and a holding handle formed by hinging an upper rongeur handle and a lower rongeur handle. The tail end of a force arm section on the tail portion of the upper rongeur head body is hinged to the front end of the upper rongeur handle through a rotary shaft, a force arm section on the tail portion of the lower rongeur head body is longer than the force arm section on the tail portion of the upper rongeur head body and extends freely to the tail end, the force arm section on the tail portion of the lower rongeur head body is provided with a rack formed through a plurality of teeth in the extending direction, the front end of the lower rongeur handle is provided with a transmission gear, and the transmission gear is in meshed contact with the rack on the force arm section of the lower rongeur head body. Due to the fact that the transmission gear moves along the rack to the extending end of the force arm section of the lower rongeur head body, so that torque of the force arm section of the lower rongeur head body is increased, and the clamping force between the clamping face of the mouth portion of the lower rongeur head body and the clamping face of the mouth portion of the upper rongeur head body is increased. According to the bone rongeur, an operator can save labor when holding the bone rongeur, the situations that hands and upper limbs of the operator are fatigued and the hands tremble due to overexertion are effectively prevented, accidental injury accidents are prevented, and safety of the fine operation is guaranteed.