The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural harvest machinery and discloses a harvesting device capable of realizing layered collection and soil removal. The harvesting device comprises a positive-rotation soil crushing wheel, a reverse-rotation soil crushing wheel, a collecting shovel, a soil collecting plate, a soil discharge helix, a rack, a material collecting helix and a conveying separating part, wherein the positive-rotation soil crushing wheel, the conveying separating part, and the material collecting helix form an upper layer collecting and separation mechanism; the reverse-rotation soil crushing wheel, the collecting shovel, the conveying separating part and the material collecting helix form a lower layer collecting and separation mechanism; according to a layered harvesting method of cyperus beans, soil of a whole soil layer is excavated and collected by two layers, and excavation, collection and soil separation are carried out by the upper layer collecting and separation mechanism and the lower layer collecting and separation mechanism simultaneously, so that an instantaneous separation area of unit soil is increased, the problem of the whole soil layer harvesting method that separation of the cyperus beans and soil is difficult is solved, and cyperus beans layered-collection soil-removal paving sectional type harvesting operation is realized.