The invention relates to the technical field of molecular diagnosis, in particular to a kit for detecting laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma radiotherapy sensitivity related gene ATM and ATR gene mutation and an application of the kit. The kit consists of reagents for detecting expression quantities of VSTM2L, TSPAN8, RDH10, PRODH, PITX2, ODC1, MASP1, KLHDC8A, GPRC5D, CTAG2, CCL26 and ABCA13. According to the method, genes related to ATM and ATR mutation are screened by applying RNA sequencing, LASSO and binary classification Logistic regression, a Score is constructed, a threshold value corresponding to the Score in the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is obtained through ROC analysis, and the method can be used for predicting ATM and ATR gene mutation in the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The specific gene mutation related to the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma radiotherapy sensitivity is predicted by utilizing the expression quantity of a gene composition, and verification shows that the detection method has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, high accuracy and good specificity, and has a very good application prospect.