The invention discloses a traffic time period control method for improving the traffic efficiency of adjacent intersections of main roads. The method comprises the following steps: on the basis of traffic demand distribution information of urban main roads, obtaining main road traffic demand OD information of different time periods each day through the multi-source data analysis technology, obtaining traffic demand amounts, real-time vehicle arrival rates and vehicle queue lengths of entrance lanes of adjacent intersections to be optimized of the main roads during different time periods, andtaking the sum of all OD amounts of all directions of the entrance lanes of the intersections within a certain time period as the traffic demand amount of the direction within the time period. According to the traffic time period control method disclosed by the invention, the signal control of the entrance lanes of the adjacent intersections is optimized based on the historical data traffic information, so that the occurrence of the decline of the traffic capacity of the adjacent intersections can be prevented more effectively, the occurrence of traffic congestion is avoided, the traffic efficiency of the intersections is maximized, the control method is easy to implement, and the traffic time period control method has a wide application range and a good application prospect.