The invention discloses an energy-saving and environment-friendly bridge pile foundation construction method and relates to the technical field of bridge construction. The method comprises the steps of 1, environmental cleaning and measurement; 2, positioning of protective piles; 3, prefabricating of a module; 4, soaking of the module under water; 5, recleaning; 6, central pouring, wherein bundledsteel bars are directly put into the installation module, concrete is poured, a central reinforced stabilizing column is formed after the concrete is completely solidified, and then the protective piles are pulled out and removed to finish the construction. According to the energy-saving and environment-friendly bridge pile foundation construction method, a protective pile structure is utilized to cooperate with water flow to conduct sludge drainage, then sludge in a space formed by the protective piles is sucked, the workload of sucking the sludge is reduced, and the completion time of an object is shortened; additionally, an assembly type structure is utilized to replace a protective cylinder to create a cavity environment, and then the central reinforced stabilizing column is utilizedto fit the installation module to form a whole part through bonding, so that instability caused during assembly is reduced, and the safety and stability of a pile foundation are effectively ensured.