The invention relates to a hydraulic cylinder surface shot blasting, paint spraying and drying system and a shot blasting, paint spraying and drying process thereof, and the hydraulic cylinder surface shot blasting, paint spraying and drying system consists of a hanging chain conveying system, a shot blasting working position, a paint spraying working position, a drying working position, an overhauling working position, an unloading working position, a loading working position, a paint mixing room, an air compressor and an operating room. The shot blasting, paint spraying and drying process comprises the following process steps: loading of a piece, shot blasting, derusting and cleaning (10-15min), automatic paint spraying (3-5min), paint refinishing, leveling (5min), drying at 60-80 DEG C (30min), natural cooling and unloading of the piece. The hydraulic cylinder surface shot blasting, paint spraying and drying system has the advantages of high degree of mechanical and electrical automation, small occupied area, good safety performance, and high production efficiency, is not affected by weather and can ensure the cleanliness, the temperature, the illumination and the safety and sanitation standard required by the paint spraying environment; and the shot blasting, paint spraying and drying process is simple, safe, time-saving, environment-friendly and high in working efficiency and can obtain the good appearance quality of a paint film.