The invention discloses a steam catapult with parallel, series and separation functions. The steam catapult comprises a shell, an air storage tank and an ejection unit. The ejection unit comprises a desk, a sliding block tunnel, a sliding block, a low-pressure cavity shell, a tunnel pipe, a cylinder, piston sleeves, a tapered frame and stamping water cylinders. The in-out flow of the front and rear single-double three stamping water cylinders are controlled by three step control valves separately, one-way valves and a switch valve are installed in pistons, the pistons are divided into two parts including pistons I and pistons II, the pistons I and the pistons II are fastened by bolts separately, and sliding ways and piston sleeves, corresponding to the sides of the pistons I, are composedof sleeve fame beams and are connected with tapered frame hollow columns and penetrate out of front covers to be connected with bearing beams. When the weight of a carrier is specified, the steam catapult can calculate the exact movement value of corresponding parts, pull rods are arranged at the centers the end faces of the pistons II, and the pistons II are internally provided with shaft cores and shaft core pistons for common use of ejection and back stroke. The steam catapult with the parallel, series and separation functions has flexible operation, reliable performance, high speed, high efficiency and good air tightness, and the heat utilization rate is improved.