The invention relates to a method for monitoring wear particles on line by virtue of filtration, electromagnetic centrifugation and adjacent capacitance. The wear particles are monitored on line sequentially through a filter, a temperature control module, a magnetization module, a cyclone centrifugation module, a rotating magnetic field centrifugation module, an adsorption module, an adjacent capacitance particle monitoring module and a demagnetization module, wherein an oil inlet is formed in one end of the filter; an oil outlet is formed in one end of the demagnetization module. According to the method, a capacitance edge effect-based adjacent capacitance sensor technology is introduced to implement nonintrusive and unconstrained monitoring of the wear particles; the wear particles in oil are magnetized and aggregated into large particles through the magnetization, cyclone centrifugation and rotating magnetic field centrifugation modules, move to the vicinity of tube walls and are adsorbed by the adsorption module, so that the output monitoring signal strength of an adjacent capacitance sensor is improved; by the temperature control module and a reasonably designed adjacent capacitance sensor plate layer structure, noise is suppressed, and the overall performance of an adjacent capacitance sensor monitoring device is optimized.