The invention discloses a single-component phosphor-nitrogen double-ring cage-shaped macromolecular intumescent flame retardant as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. the preparation method comprises the following steps: at 90-110 DEG C, a nucleophilic substitution reaction is carried out between pentaerythritol and phosphorous oxychloride, and PEPA is obtained; a reaction between PEPA and cyanuric chloride is carried out at -5-10 DEG C for 3-6 hours, a reaction between a product and a diamine compound is carried out at 50-60 DEG C for 5-10 hours, and then a reaction between the product and the diamine compound is carried out at 90-110 DEG C for 5-10 hours; finally the single-component phosphor-nitrogen double-ring cage-shaped macromolecular intumescent flame retardant is obtained for flame retardant modification of polymers. Compared with the prior art, the prepared single-component macromolecular intumescent flame retardant has the advantages of high flame retardation efficiency, good compatibility with polymers, etc.; the intumescent flame retardant whose weight is 20-25 wt% of polypropylene can be added into the polypropylene for endowing the polypropylene with good flame retardation performance, and the intumescent flame retardant can be widely applied to the fields of internal and external decorative parts of automobiles, furniture and electric appliances, wires and cables, building material, etc.