The invention discloses a fault monitoring system and a monitoring method for photovoltaic power generation equipment of the Internet of Things, belonging to the field of photovoltaic power generation equipment of the Internet of Things; a fault monitoring system and monitoring method for photovoltaic power generation equipment of the Internet of Things, including: data Acquisition unit, fault monitoring unit, power management unit, power amplification module, signal adjustment unit, data storage module, communication unit, and energy storage unit; the present invention carries out the Internet of Things framework design for the monitoring sensor array, and then judges the communication signal; At the same time, a judgment network is established and input to the system to judge the type of fault; at the same time, the system will increase the signal conversion rate through the power amplifier module, and at the same time perform gain amplification and band-pass filtering on the input voltage, so as to accurately collect multi-channel monitoring in real time Data, the bandwidth of the data output is high, and the balance of the acquisition and output channels is better, which improves the accurate detection and analysis capabilities of the remote monitoring data of photovoltaic power generation.