The invention discloses a pneumatic type rice precision dry direct sowing machine capable of synchronously realizing ditch opening, fertilization and ground flattening. The machine is divided into two parts, namely a main body part and a hanging part; the machine comprises nine units, namely a ditch opening unit, a ground flattening unit, a main rack, a fertilization unit, an air-pressure unit, a secondary rack, a land wheel system, a sowing system and an earth covering and suppression unit; a rice precision pneumatic type seed-metering device capable of sucking seeds by negative pressure and cleaning seeds by positive pressure is carried, a mini-type ditch opening plough is used for opening a ditch and front and back spiral blades are matched to flatten the ground; meanwhile, deep fertilization of a base fertilizer and soil covering are realized; a hanging type single body sowing mechanism is used for realizing anywhere profiling; functions of flattening the ground, opening the fertilizer ditch, deeply fertilizing on the lower side, opening the ditch, opening seed ditches, sowing seeds, covering the soil and suppressing can be realized on a primarily-prepared dry land; rice planting procedures and the labor intensity can be effectively reduced and the effects of saving cost and synergizing are realized.