The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, in particular to a fluorogenic substrate for detecting ADAMTS13 enzymatic activity and a detection method. The fluorogenic substrate for detecting the ADAMTS13 enzymatic activity comprises an amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO:2, and sulfydryl of cysteine at the 4 position and the 15 position at the N end of the amino acid sequence is combined with fluorescein-5- maleimide. Q1599C of the fluorogenic substrate is closer to N1611C modified site, simultaneously the N-end sequence of the fluorogenic substrate does not contain extra amino acid GS, and enzymolysis can be conducted on the fluorogenic substrate through ADAMTS13 more effectively. Therefore, sensitivity for detecting ADAMTS13 enzymatic activity can be improved. The method for detecting the ADAMTS13 enzymatic activity is convenient to operate, accurate in detection result, high in sensitivity and suitable for quick detection of the ADAMTS13 enzymatic activity in blood plasma in hospitals, health departments and medical research and development institutions at different levels.