The invention discloses a bridgehead vehicle bump prevention and control high polymer grouting technique and a construction method thereof. Aiming at the problems of bridgehead butt strap gapping and sinking problems, nondestructive detection systems of a ground penetrating radar (GPR), a falling weight deflectometer (FWD), a laser level and the like are comprehensively applied to detection and monitoring; and a high polymer material is injected to the bottom of a bridgehead butt strap or the bottom of a sleeper beam, the volume of the material is quickly expanded and the material is cured after chemical reaction, so that the gapped butt strap is quickly filled and raised, the roadbed is reinforced, and bridgehead vehicle bump is radically prevented and controlled. Compared with the conventional treatment method, the technique has obvious innovation on the aspects of technical principles and construction methods, has the characteristics of good durability, short construction period, strong pertinence and the like, and initiates a new advanced, efficient, economic and practical bridgehead bump prevention and control path.