A dexterous hand, including a hand module, the hand module includes one or more finger units and a palm unit, wherein each finger unit includes a plurality of phalanges and one or more interphalangeal joints, wherein the palm unit includes a carpometacarpal base, one or more metacarpals, one or more carpometacarpal joints, and one or more
metacarpophalangeal joint, wherein each finger unit is hinged to a respective metacarpal by a respective
metacarpophalangeal joint, wherein each metacarpal is respectively connected to the carpometacarpal base, wherein each
interphalangeal joint has
degrees of freedom of
flexion extension, wherein each
metacarpophalangeal joint has
degrees of freedom of
flexion extension,
degrees of freedom of abduction adduction and degrees of freedom of circumduction, wherein each
interphalangeal joint's degrees of freedom of
flexion extension, each metacarpophalangeal joint's degrees of freedom of flexion extension, each metacarpophalangeal joint's degrees of freedom of abduction adduction are driven by different actuators.