The invention discloses a quick building three-dimensional reconstruction method based on a two-dimensional vector diagram and a small number of elevation points, and the method comprises the steps: S100, extracting two-dimensional vector polygon data and the elevation points, wherein the elevation points comprise a ground point, an eave point and a ridge point; s200, judging the topological relation between the two-dimensional vector polygons and the corresponding relation between the two-dimensional vector polygons and the elevation points; s300, judging the main direction of the two-dimensional vector polygon and adjusting the boundary; s400, designing a building rule and judging a category of model elements; and S500, generating ridge lines and the top surfaces, the bottom surfaces andthe wall surfaces of the model elements. The two-dimensional vector data sources are diversified, and existing surveying and mapping field work, planning data, DOM data, DSM data, three-dimensional point cloud or grid data can be fully utilized; the difficulty and the efficiency of interactive editing are greatly improved, editing from two dimensions is simpler and more efficient than editing from three dimensions, and only a small number of elevation points need to be matched; the model is highly regularized and automatically regularized, and the generated model meets various constraints such as parallelism, verticality and the like.