The invention provides a minimally invasive spinal surgery robot, which relates to the field of medical equipment, including an operating bed, a linear guide rail, an arc support base, an arc guide rail, a rotating mechanism, a six-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism, and a needle insertion mechanism. The linear guide rail is set on On the operating bed, the arc support base is slidingly connected with the linear guide rail, the arc guide rail is set on the arc support base, and the rotation mechanism, the six-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism and the needle insertion mechanism are sequentially connected and movably arranged on the arc guide rail. The invention can operate the surgical robot in a remote control mode through the control module, and doctors can avoid the harm caused by X-ray radiation to the body; using the surgical robot to carry out minimally invasive surgery can achieve safe, accurate, efficient, highly repeatable effects, and has surgical trauma Small size, less intraoperative blood loss, shorter hospital stay, faster postoperative recovery and other advantages.