The described technology pertains to
biotechnology, specifically methods and systems for modulating FOXP3 expression in human CD4+ T cells using
CRISPR-based genomic editing techniques. FOXP3, a
transcription factor essential for
regulatory T cell (Treg) function, is constitutively expressed in Tregs but transiently expressed in conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconvs) upon activation. The approach addresses challenges in precise modulation of FOXP3 expression by identifying cis-regulatory elements, such as CNSO, NCNS, and PPP, and trans-regulatory factors, including GATA3, STAT5, and ETS1, that influence FOXP3 expression in Tconvs. Utilizing
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and
CRISPR nuclease (CRISPRn) screens, the methods enable targeted,
cell-type-specific modulation of FOXP3 levels. Applications include engineered
T cell therapies for autoimmune diseases,
cancer, and
transplantation. Advanced epigenetic editing tools, such as CRISPRoff, further enhance specificity by targeting
DNA methylation states at regulatory loci. This approach offers scalable solutions for
programming FOXP3 expression in diverse therapeutic contexts.