The present disclosure relates, in part, to improved therapeutic cells (e.g., comprising immune cells, such as T cells, e.g., human T cells) that
encode or express: a collagen-binding
payload; and a target-
binding protein (e.g., a CAR, a TCR, a scTCR, a TruC, a TCR / CAR, a synNotch
receptor, an IFP, or a multispecific
T cell engager). In some embodiments, a collagen-binding
payload molecule comprises a
cytokine, a
toxin, a polypeptide that inhibits an interaction between two or more proteins, an
antibody or
antigen-binding portion thereof, or a combination of any two or more of the foregoing. In certain embodiments, a collagen-binding
payload comprises a
cytokine (e.g., a human
cytokine), such as a
proinflammatory cytokine. In some embodiments, the cytokine is an IL-12. In some embodiments (e.g., in a
T cell), expression of the collagen-binding payload is driven by binding of
NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) to a
NFAT binding site (also referred to as
NFAT binding motif). In some embodiments, one or more NFAT binding sites are present and can function as a
promoter. In some embodiments, an inducible
promoter is responsive to NFAT binding to the one or more NFAT binding sites, and the inducible
promoter is operably linked to a sequence encoding the collagen-binding payload.