The invention is a ultra-fast pulse X ray phase contrast imaging device, it includes a femtosecond laser system, splitter, optical delaying line, all-mirror and target chamber, in which there arranges a achromatic lens, sample chamber, fixed target and concave reflecting mirror, there has a detector out of the target chamber. The position relation of above mentioned elements is: a splitter is arranged on the output light path of femtosecond titanium stone laser system, the splitter divides the laser bema into A, and B, the A beam enters the target chamber through optical delay, and it is gathered to radiate the gas in the sample chamber with achromatic lends, the B enters the target chamber through all-mirror, reflected by the reflecting mirror and gathered onto the target, generates a X ray, the X ray enters the sample chamber, the state of the plasma in the sample chamber is recorded by the detector, the distance between the detector and the gas chamber agrees the imaging condition.