The invention discloses a method for delaying aging and yellowing of paper and aging and discoloring of dyes and pigments on the paper. The method includes steps of: directly putting files, books, ancient calligraphies and paintings and other samples to be processed integrally into a closed box body; vacuumizing the box body and then introducing inert gas for pretreatment; and then vacuumizing until the pressure is lower than 10 mmHg, filling mixed gas of inert gas and ethylene oxide to normal pressure, and carrying out gas treatment, so that paper yellowing of files, books, ancient calligraphies and paintings and the like in long-term storage can be delayed, and aging, discoloration and fading of file writing, color printing ink and calligraphy and painting pigments are prevented. The method is easy to operate; an accelerated aging test proves that yellowing and blackening of paper can be effectively delayed after treatment, aging and fading of various archive writings, printing ink and calligraphy and painting pigments are prevented, archives, books and ancient calligraphies and paintings are not deformed, the original appearance is kept, and the mechanical strength of the paperis not affected.