The invention discloses a cargo air-dropping and receiving system, which includes an aircraft and a cargo compartment arranged on the belly of the fuselage, a lifting device connecting the cargo compartment and the cargo, and ground receiving equipment. The cargo compartment is provided with a pushing mechanism, The lifting device includes a sling, a rope reel, a rope fixer, a release mechanism, a deceleration mechanism, a cargo bag and an altimeter, and one end of the sling is connected to the rope reel, and the rope reel is fixedly installed On the inner top of the cargo compartment, the rope fixing device is sleeved on the sling, the rope fixing device is fixed at the hatch of the cargo cabin, the lower end of the sling is connected to a release mechanism, and the release mechanism is connected to the cargo bag bag, and the cargo bag is provided with goods. The invention combines the technology of direct delivery of goods by aircraft at ultra-low altitude and the technology of delivery by sling, improves the accuracy of airdrop, realizes low-cost and fast transportation, and promotes the development of air cargo equipment.