The invention discloses a measurement system and a measurement method for optical fibre morphology, which are mainly used for solving the problems of the need of human judgment, low accuracy, the need of consumption for lots of time, and incapacity of rapidly measuring in the existing measurement method. The measurement system comprises an objective table (1), a structure support (3), a displacement table (4), a controller (7), a shooting system (10) and an image processor (11). During a measurement, the measured optical fibre is fixed on the clamping groove of the objective table, the displacement table is controlled to move by the controller, then the shooting system is driven to carry out focusing shooting on the optical fibre for many times to acquire an optical fibre image, and the optical fibre image is conveyed to the image processor to calculate, so as to obtain the morphology parameters of the optical fibre, that is, an axial length, an end surface radial diameter, the diameter of the middle thinnest part, and a surface inclination angle. According to the measurement system and the measurement method disclosed by the invention, a human judgment is not needed, and the measurement accuracy and measurement speed are improved by evaluating the average value by measuring for many times and automatically processing the image by the image processor; and the measurement system and the measurement method can be used for screening qualified optical fibres products and improving the performances of optical fibre devices.