The invention discloses a case sharing method based on a block chain, and the method comprises the steps: S1, building an alliance chain: registering hospitals participating in the generation of medical data as administrator users, adding the administrator users to the block chain, and forming an alliance chain network; S2, performing user registration: all members in the alliance chain use the same client; S3, generating medical data: writing the medical data by a doctor after the patient seeks a doctor every time; S4, performing data uploading: the doctor uploads the medical data with the doctor-patient signatures Sigdoc and Sigid to a block chain network; S5, logging in by the user; S6, making a retrieval strategy: retrieving the disease code by the user to obtain all data of the disease type in the system; S7, performing online communication: the user performs online communication with interested cases after retrieving the cases. According to the invention, the data meeting the conditions is uploaded by running the smart contract, is spread to each node to form a block, and is spread to the whole network, so that a patient can anonymously obtain a real, reliable and already-generated treatment scheme, and communicates with other patients or doctors.