The invention provides a sputum suction device convenient to clean for pneumology department. The sputum suction device comprises a sputum suction pressure cylinder, a sealing ring, a sputum aspiration pull handle, a sputum aspiration pull rod, a sputum aspiration grab handle, a detachable sealing cover structure, an adjustable oral cavity abutting tooth socket structure, a replaceable sputum storage tank structure, a fixable magnifying glass structure, a connecting plug pipe, an anti-blocking cap, a connecting piece, a breather pipe, a sputum aspiration hose, a suction head and a hoop piece.The sealing ring is arranged at intersection of a sputum suction pressure cylinder and sputum suction pull rod, and the sputum suction pull rod is transversely inserted into the right side of the interior of the sputum suction pressure cylinder. The detachable sealing cover is in threaded connection with the left side of the sputum suction pressure cylinder, so that the sputum suction device can be detached and cleaned, and the defect that an existing sputum suction device is integrally arranged and is inconvenient to clean is overcome; and through the arrangement of an adjusting nut, the abutting tooth socket and a movable inserting rod, the effect of strutting the oral cavity of a patient in the sputum suction process is achieved, and the sputum suction operation is conducted smoothly.