The invention discloses a large dry dense medium fluidized bed separation machine and a separation system. The separation machine mainly comprises a separation machine bed body, an air distribution device, a float discharge device, a sediment discharge device, a quick dense medium circulating device and the like. The separation system comprises a raw material feeding system, the large dry dense medium fluidized bed separation machine, a medium purifying and recycling system, an air supply system, a dust removal system, a control system and the like. The air supply system is mainly provided with a roots blower, a pressure stabilization air storage tank and the like. The raw material feeding system comprises a raw material bin and a feeder. The medium purifying and recycling system mainly comprises a sculping screen, a medium scraper conveyer, a medium bucket elevator, a circulating medium bin, a magnetic separator, a magnetic material bin and the like. The dust removal system mainly comprises an induced draft fan, a dust remover, an air compressor and the like. The separation machine is large in handling amount, high in separation precision, small in medium circulating amount, reliable in running and easy to maintain. The separation system is reasonable in layout, compact in structure, large in handling capacity, good in separation effect and low in capital construction and running cost.