The invention relates to a cloud computation-based vital sign data management system and method. The system comprises a vital sign data source module, an information processing module, a communication module, a cloud computation module, a cloud database and an intelligent terminal, wherein the information processing module, the cloud computation module, the cloud database and the intelligent terminal are connected with the communication module; and the vital sign data source module is connected with the information processing module. According to the system and method provided by the invention, the working efficiency of medical workers are improved from the basic acquisition link by means of a cloud computation technology, the error probability is reduced, and vital sign data is automatically acquired, transmitted to a server, analyzed and processed through the cloud computation module and then stored to the cloud database, so that the medical workers can monitor the vital signs of patients in real time and look up and update the vital sign data through the corresponding authorized intelligent terminal, a large number of ward rounding and bedside inspection are saved, and the medical workers can carry out high-efficiency and high-accuracy inspection items on the patients according to real-time monitoring data.