The invention relates to an amplitude and phase calibration device for an optical fiber type electromagnetic field probe. The device comprises a vector network analyzer used for measuring amplitude and phase values in the calibration device, a power amplifier used for carrying out microwave power amplification, an adjustable attenuation/phase shifter used for changing the amplitude and phase values in the calibration device, a bi-directional coupler used for coupling the input power of a GTEM cell and the reflective power of the GTEM cell, a first power meter, a second power meter, the GTEM cell used for forming a stable and uniform electromagnetic field, a probe used for sensing amplitude and phase changes of the electromagnetic field of the position where the probe is, and a demodulatingdevice used for separating electromagnetic wave information carried in optical carrier waves to obtain amplitude and phase information of an electromagnetic wave signal. The invention further discloses an amplitude and phase calibration method for the optical fiber type electromagnetic field probe. The device is closed in structure, low in transmission loss, difficult to subject to external interference, large in amplitude calibration range, easier to construct and suitable for field rapid calibration of the optical fiber type electromagnetic field probe.