The invention discloses an air drop type underwater glider based on electromagnetic span wings. The air drop type underwater glider comprises a shell body, a signal device, a buoyancy force adjustingdevice, a barrel roll attitude adjusting device, a pitch attitude adjusting device and a control device, wherein the buoyancy force adjusting device, the barrel roll attitude adjusting device, the pitch attitude adjusting device and the control device are arranged in the shell body. The air drop type underwater glider further comprises a hang glider stretching device which comprises hang gliders,an electromagnet, a piston, a piston sliding rail, a first elastic element, a second elastic element and a locking mechanism. Under the elastic action of the first elastic element, the magnetic magnitude of the electromagnet is controlled by the control device to enable the piston to slide on the piston sliding rail to realize the location and release of the hang gliders, when the hang gliders arereleased by the electromagnet, and the elastic action of the second elastic element enables the hang gliders to rotate and spread winding a rotary shaft. The air drop type underwater glider based onthe electromagnetic span wings reduces the water-entry impact force of wings, is more suitable for air drop application, the wings are in put-away states before the air drop, occupied space is small,plane carrying is convenient to carry out, and the timeliness is higher.