The invention discloses a selection method based on multiple design schemes of a Petri network complex system. According to the complex system, firstly, an internal logic structural relation between all the design schemes and attribute information of reliability, maintainability, testability and safety of related components are acquired; secondly, a feasibility model is constructed, a time delay Petri network BVTPN, based on the feasibility model, of the complex system is established according to the information of all the schemes of the complex system, and a comprehensive influence parameter model is further constructed; lastly, the optimal scheme of the complex system is found in combination with the rapidity and wholeness of an ant colony algorithm. By means of the optimal scheme seeking method, the problems related to optimal selection of multiple attribute schemes of the complex system at present are solved, that is, the phenomenon that the reliability, the maintainability, the testability and the safety are not combined is thoroughly avoided by comprehensively balancing the influences of the attribute information on the optimal scheme, the rapidity and accuracy of optimal selection of the schemes of the complex system are greatly improved, and it is guaranteed that the complex system is designed effectively and the comprehensive efficiency of the complex system is optimal in the whole life cycle.