The invention discloses a washing and sweeping vehicle provided with a single motor drive mechanism. The washing and sweeping vehicle comprises a suction fan, a suction air duct, a suction tube, a suction disc, an air brush disc, a high-pressure water pump, a sewage tank, a clear water tank, a water spraying device and the single motor drive mechanism. The single motor drive mechanism comprises an automobile chassis, an engine, a transmission shaft and a rear axle. The washing and sweeping vehicle is characterized in that the single engine is adopted for the single motor drive mechanism, the engine is connected with a full-power power take-off device, the full-power power take-off device is connected with a clutch through the transmission shaft, the clutch is connected with a gear case, an output shaft of the gear case is connected with driving auxiliary equipment, the full-power power take-off device is further connected with a gearbox, and the gearbox drives the rear axle through the power transmission shaft. By means of the washing and sweeping vehicle, the engine can drive work components of a sanitation truck steadily in any speed ranges, and normal driving of the vehicle is not affected, so that an existing sanitation truck can still work normally without installing an auxiliary engine, the acquisition cost of the auxiliary engine is omitted, use cost can be further saved, and emission of tail gas is lowered.