33results about How to "Reduce accidental damage" patented technology

The invention relates to a design and manufacturing method for an anti-counterfeit electronic label, an anti-counterfeit electronic label and anti-counterfeit packaging, belonging to application technology in the field of wireless radio frequency identification. The method comprises the following steps that a label antenna is designed to be a folded symmetry dipole antenna; fragile paper is used as a substrate of the antenna and is firmly combined with the antenna to form a whole; an island-shaped composite pad is arranged at the bottom of the fragile paper substrate and aligned with the center of a chip so as to enable an arc space structure of the antenna to form at the center where the chip is located; an adhesive is applied on the surface of the fragile paper substrate, a surface bar coated by a film forming agent is compounded on the top of the adhesive, and the dimension of the surface bar and the adhesive is greater than the area of the fragile paper substrate. The tearing-proof and sticking-proof anti-counterfeit electronic label prepared by the method enables reliable reading of the label on metal surface to be realized, probability of accidental damage of the label in the process of applying and transporting to be eliminated or reduced and anti-counterfeit performance to be improved. The design and manufacturing method provided in the invention is ingenious, simple and practicable, and enables low cost and great production capacity to be achieved.

The invention provides a RFID antenna and label and an electronic anti-fake bottle cover. In the prior art, an antenna labeled by RFID and a chip are separated from each other, which causes a lot of problems of high space occupation, complex structure, higher manufacturing cost, easy damage in the processes of packaging and transportation, etc. The RFID antenna of the invention is made of a multi-bend folding conducting line and is easily miniaturized, which is convenient to realize the RFID label integrating the antenna and the chip of the invention on the same dielectric medium baseplate, thereby simplifying the structure of the RFID label and reducing the manufacturing cost thereof; and the RFID label which integrates the antenna and the chip is arranged in the electronic anti-fake bottle cover of the invention, and is sealed in the bottle cover, thereby contributing to the reduction of probability of accidental damage of the RFID label and efficiently enhancing the anti-fake property.

The invention discloses a distal integrated type MDOF (multi-degree of freedom) harmonic scalpel. The distal integrated type MDOF harmonic scalpel comprises a distal harmonic scalpel, an S-shaped joint, a hollow long straight bar and an instrument box which are connected sequentially, wherein the distal harmonic scalpel comprises a harmonic scalpel casing provided with a variable-diameter sliding channel inside, gripping pliers connected with the left outer wall and the right outer wall of the front end of the harmonic scalpel casing through a connecting pin shaft and a harmonic scalpel mounted in the harmonic scalpel casing through a flange, and a T-shaped push rod, a spring and a drawing wire which are used for realizing opening and closing actions of the gripping pliers and connected in sequence are arranged in the variable-diameter sliding channel. The distal integrated type MDOF harmonic scalpel has four-DOF operation including deflection motion in two mutually vertical directions, rotary motion around the axis of the hollow long straight bar and opening and closing motion of the gripping pliers and has the advantages that the operating flexibility is higher, larger treatment space in the body of a patient is obtained and direction and angle of a cutter head part, contacted with tissue, at the tail end of the harmonic scalpel are easy to control and adjust, and the distal integrated type MDOF harmonic scalpel is convenient to process and manufacture and has a wider application range.

The invention discloses a silicon rubber airbag material for manufacturing an engine heat insulating layer. The silicon rubber airbag material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of crude rubber, 30-60 parts of white carbon black, 1-5 parts of structural control agent and 0.5-1 part of vulcanizing agent; and the silicon rubber airbag material also can comprise 0-10 parts of reinforcing agent, 0-10 parts of heat-resistance additive and 2-5 parts of coloring agent. The rubber material produced through a formula provided by the invention is stable in performance, the qualified rate of a manufactured finished product is high and reaches 98% to 99%, and the material has the performances of high strength, tearing resistance and high temperature resistance, so that the probability of accidental damage in the using process is greatly reduced, the service life is improved to be more than 20 from 2-3 originally, the durability of the silicon rubber airbag is improved, and the production cost is obviously reduced.

The invention discloses a movable type fixed pull ring bearing dynamometer which comprises a rack, wherein a first electric push rod is arranged on the rack; the front end of the first electric push rod is hinged with the rack, and a metering dynamometer is arranged at the rear end of the first electric push rod; a steering assembly is arranged behind the metering dynamometer; the front end of a tensile rope is connected to the metering dynamometer and passes through the steering assembly; the rear end of the tensile rope can be connected with a fixed pull ring needing to be measured; and a frustum-shaped frame which is used for connecting an inflation product and expands backwards is arranged on the rear side of the rack. According to the movable type fixed pull ring bearing dynamometer disclosed by the invention, the manpower and material resources are saved, the degree of automation is high, and the working efficiency is high.

The invention provides an improved fire extinguishing system. The improved fire extinguishing system comprises a pressurization type fire hydrant A, wherein a water pipe connector B is mounted on a water outlet pipeline of the pressurization type fire hydrant A and is connected with a fire-fighting water pipe, and a pressurization spray nozzle D is mounted at the tail end of the fire-fighting water pipe and is detachably mounted on a support C. The pressurization type fire hydrant has a pressurization effect; the fire-fighting water pipe connector facilitates sealing of a water outlet pipelineand a water receiving pipeline and facilitates replacement of a sealing ring; the support fixes the fire-fighting spray nozzle conveniently, adjusts the angle of the fire-fighting spray nozzle conveniently and prevents a support rod from toppling over conveniently when adjusting the height of the support rod; and the fire-fighting pressurization spray nozzle prevents foreign matter from blockinga water outlet, the use efficiency of the product is improved, and a mounting mode of a protective net becomes simpler.

The invention discloses a lifting type environment-friendly dustbin device hidden underground. The lifting type environment-friendly dustbin device hidden underground comprises a box body, wherein thebox body is fixedly mounted below the ground; a hydraulic lifting device is arranged in the box body; dustbin device bodies are arranged on the left side and the right side of the hydraulic lifting device; a dustbin barrel door device is arranged on one side of a dustbin frame; a drainage device is arranged below the interior of the box body; a controller is arranged outside the box body; the signal receiving end of the controller is electrically connected with an infrared distance measuring sensor and the drainage device; and the power output end of the controller is electrically connected with a hydraulic oil pump, a hydraulic electromagnetic valve, a miniature rotating motor and the drainage device. The lifting type environment-friendly dustbin device hidden underground has the beneficial effects of being simple in structure and high in practicability.

The invention discloses a vegetable cake processing and making device, relates to the technical field of food processing equipment. The vegetable cake processing and making device can achieve automatic making of all processes of continuous batching, forming, drying and transportation, is high in efficiency, sequentially carries out drying, prevents the problems of delicious taste caused by too fast drying and the like, reduces nutrient deficiency and ensures nutritional value. According to the vegetable cake processing and making device, a mold is adopted for making, the forming speed is high,the structure is simple, and a compaction forming assembly is used for compacting discharged slurry in a forming mold on a forming workbench so as to form a cake-shaped structure in the forming mold;formed vegetable cakes sequentially pass through a primary drying assembly and a secondary drying assembly to be dried under the rotation of the forming workbench and then are pushed to be dischargedby a pushing discharging assembly, a discharging hole for discharging the formed cakes is formed in a bearing platform, the forming mold from which the vegetable cakes are ejected is cleaned by a mold cleaning assembly and then rotates to the position below the compaction forming assembly, and the making efficiency is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a rapid feeding machine for a hydraulic machine and relates to the technical field of hydraulic machines. The rapid feeding machine comprises a hydraulic machine main body andconveying mechanisms. A hydraulic machine workbench is fixed above the hydraulic machine main body. A fixed outer frame is mounted on the outer side of the upper portion of the hydraulic machine workbench. Bases are correspondingly arranged on the left side and the right side of the hydraulic machine main body. Hydraulic lifting arms are mounted above the bases. Hydraulic oil cylinders are arranged below one sides of the hydraulic lifting arms. Lifting seats are mounted above the hydraulic lifting arms. Support frames are fixedly arranged above the middle portions of the lifting seats. Mounting frames are mounted above the support frames. The conveying mechanisms are arranged inside the mounting frames. Dustproof shielding plates are fixedly arranged above the two sides inside the mountingframes. Protection barrier plates are fixedly arranged above the dustproof shielding plates. The rapid feeding machine has the beneficial effects that by arranging the hydraulic lifting arms and thehydraulic oil cylinders, the lifting seats are driven to lift up and down conveniently, the use is quite flexible, and the bases can stably support the lifting seats.

The invention provides a RFID antenna and label and an electronic anti-fake bottle cover. In the prior art, an antenna labeled by RFID and a chip are separated from each other, which causes a lot of problems of high space occupation, complex structure, higher manufacturing cost, easy damage in the processes of packaging and transportation, etc. The RFID antenna of the invention is made of a multi-bend folding conducting line and is easily miniaturized, which is convenient to realize the RFID label integrating the antenna and the chip of the invention on the same dielectric medium baseplate, thereby simplifying the structure of the RFID label and reducing the manufacturing cost thereof; and the RFID label which integrates the antenna and the chip is arranged in the electronic anti-fake bottle cover of the invention, and is sealed in the bottle cover, thereby contributing to the reduction of probability of accidental damage of the RFID label and efficiently enhancing the anti-fake property.

The invention discloses a ground surface maintaining device for an optical cable landfill route. The ground surface maintaining device comprises a device body; and a discharging cavity with a downwardopening is formed in the device body, a pit flattening device is arranged in the discharging cavity and comprises a pressure rod slidably arranged on the right end wall of the discharging cavity, a pressure shaft located below the device body is fixed to the lower side of the pressure rod, and the front side and the rear side of the pressure shaft are rotationally connected with pressure plates.Redundant soil above the optical cable route can be excavated to ensure that the pressure borne by the optical cable route is average, protection of an optical cable is facilitated, the excavated soilcan be subjected to water-spray dust falling, damage to the environment in the transfer process is reduced, the stored soil further ensures that at land sunken positions, the sufficient soil exists for backfilling operation, and the backfilling operation can be completed without excavating soil nearby the sunken positions.

A dispensing device for the machine washing of laundry comprises a receptacle for receiving an amount of detergent product having filling opening means and a body wall which includes a plurality of apertures for dispensing detergent product. The device includes a rigids spacing means which is formed around the body wall for spacing laundry from the dispensing apertures.

The invention discloses a cord fabric separating and rolling device for an elevation stand cutting machine, and belongs to the mechanical field. The cord fabric separating and rolling device comprisesa rolling machine body at the right side of a cutting machine body, wherein a side fabric outlet is formed in the right side end of the cutting machine body; a side fabric rolling hole is formed in the left side end of the rolling machine body; a cleaning device is arranged between the cutting machine body and the rolling machine body; the cleaning device comprises a fixed frame, an upper supporting plate, a lower supporting plate and motors; the fixed frame comprises a first fixed rod and a second fixed rod; front and rear ends of the upper supporting plate are fixedly connected with motors;the rotary ends of the motors are connected with rotary rods; the outer ends of the rotary rods are connected with first cleaning brushes; a first groove is formed in the upper end surface of the lower supporting plate; a second groove is formed in the inner bottom end of the first groove; and a second cleaning brush is arranged at each of the side fabric outlet and the side fabric rolling hole.The cord fabric is cleaned while rolled.

The invention discloses self-adaptive angle distraction forceps and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. The self-adaptive angle distraction forceps is in the form of a pair of torsion type distraction forceps and comprises an upper forceps body and a lower forceps body, the middle parts of the upper forceps body and the lower forceps body are hinged, the front end of the upper forceps body is hinged with a movable distraction piece, and the front end of the lower forceps body is connected with a fixed distraction piece. The self-adaptive angle distraction forceps are used for distraction between vertebral bodies of the spine and are mainly used for distraction of the intervertebral space in an anterior cervical surgery, the distraction angle of the self-adaptive angle distraction forceps can be automatically adjusted along with changes of the included angle between the vertebral bodies, the distraction pieces are more attached to the surfaces of the vertebral bodies, the intervertebral space can be distraction in the maximum range, posterior longitudinal ligaments behind the spine can be conveniently relaxed. The diseased intervertebral disc and the rear diseased posterior longitudinal ligament are cleaned. The distraction pieces and the vertebral body are tightly attached (in surface contact), the pressure on the surface of the vertebral body can be dispersed to the whole contact surface. The situation that the end plate and vertebral body sclerotin are crushed due to pressure concentration at a point is avoided.

The invention discloses a distal integrated multi-degree-of-freedom ultrasonic knife, which comprises a distal ultrasonic knife connected in sequence, a serpentine joint, a hollow long straight rod and an instrument box. The distal ultrasonic knife includes an ultrasonic knife shell with a variable diameter sliding channel inside, clamping pliers connected with the left and right outer walls of the front end of the ultrasonic knife shell through connecting pins, and an ultrasonic knife installed in the ultrasonic knife shell through a flange. The variable-diameter sliding channel also includes sequentially connected T-shaped push rods, springs and wires for realizing the opening and closing action of the clamping pliers. The ultrasonic scalpel of the present invention has four degrees of freedom of deflection motion in two mutually perpendicular directions, rotary motion around the axis of the hollow long straight rod, and opening and closing motion of clamping forceps, and has the advantages of higher operational flexibility and Larger treatment space, easy to control and adjust the direction and angle of the knife head at the end of the ultrasonic scalpel contacting tissue, convenient processing and manufacturing, and wider application range.

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic patrol systems, in particular to an electronic patrol system and a card punching device.The electronic patrol system comprises a patrol point and a patrol rod, a connecting shell is arranged on the surface of the patrol rod, one end of the connecting shell is fixedly connected with an elastic rope, the other end of the elastic rope is fixedly connected with a wrist strap, and the wrist strap is fixedly connected with the patrol point. A groove is formed in the top of the connecting shell; according to the device, a protection structure and a guide structure are arranged, when patrol personnel punch a card, a trigger plate is inserted into a butt joint channel, a trigger block is jacked under the action of a guide block to drive a limiting rod to relieve limiting of a baffle, then the baffle can be jacked to turn over through the trigger plate, and therefore the butt joint channel communicates with a mounting channel; the infrared receiving module is parallel to the infrared transmission module, the signal transmission effect is improved, external light is shielded under the action of the connecting block and the connecting shell, a relatively closed space is formed, the influence of illumination and dust on infrared signals is reduced, and the signal transmission accuracy is improved.

The invention discloses orthopedic nursing equipment with a pulse structure and a using method thereof. The orthopedic nursing equipment comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of pulse instruments, wherein the top of the bottom plate is fixedly connected with a bearing seat through a fixing plate, the top of the bearing seat is fixedly connected with a sickbed, the front portions and the rear portions of the two sides of the bearing base are fixedly connected with electric telescopic rods through fixing plates. The invention relates to the technical field of orthopedic nursing. According to the orthopedic nursing equipment with the pulse structure and the using method thereof, a sliding rod and a mounting box are lifted through the electric telescopic rods, the internal pulse instruments are located at the top of the sickbed, and at the moment, pulse wires are connected with a connector, so the wires can vertically fall and cannot be put on a skin surface of a patient to cause discomfort to the patient; and meanwhile, the wires can be effectively prevented from being wound during use and subsequent take-up, so convenience is provided for medical staff, and the equipment is suitable for being used in the current field.

The invention discloses a switching power supply controlled by negative voltage, which belongs to the technical field of electronics. The switching power supply controlled by negative voltage comprises a lightning protection unit, a constant voltage and constant current unit, a battery unit, a thyristor switching unit, a control unit, a negative voltage unit, an AC working unit and an AC backup unit, and is a dual power supply with mains supply matched with the battery. The constant voltage and constant current unit forms an independent floating charge branch for the battery, the floating charge voltage and the floating charge constant current can be determined according to requirements of the battery, and floating charge achieves great scientization. When the mains supply is energized, the AC working unit and the backup unit provide current for a load, in the two units, active components are formed by high-reverse voltage triodes, the working mode is to provide normal current by the AC work unit, when the AC work unit fails, the backup unit is automatically switched. In the case of no mains supply, the matched battery is automatically switched for power supply, the switched active component is a thyristor, and as the negative voltage is adopted, the control is reliable. Good switching features are realized.

The invention provides a baking trailer plate in a PCB production process. The baking trailer plate in the PCB production process comprises a plate trailer, two guide rods, a sliding plate, two guiderail grooves and multiple rollers, wherein a handle is arranged on the plate trailer, the two guide rods are both fixedly mounted at the top of the plate trailer, the sliding plate is mounted at the tops of the two guide rods in a sliding manner, the two guide rail grooves are formed in the tops of the corresponding guide rods respectively, openings are formed in the sides, away from the plate trailer handle, of the guide rail grooves, the rollers are fixedly mounted at the bottom of the sliding plate, and the rollers are mounted in the corresponding guide rail grooves in a rolling manner respectively. The baking trailer plate in the PCB production process has the advantages that the use is convenient, the operation is simple, a PCB frame can be clamped, the PCB frame can be conveniently placed on or taken down from the baking trailer plate, a PCB frame moving mechanism can be fixed or unfixed, the PCB frame is effectively prevented from sliding off in the transportation process, and the accidental loss of PCBs can be effectively reduced.

The invention discloses a vacuum pump with the function of performance degradation early warning and application of the vacuum pump to an oiling machine. The vacuum pump comprises a machine shell, a motor, a crankshaft, fan blades, an auxiliary shell, a negative-pressure shell and a crank piston. One end of the crankshaft is a straight end and is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the motor. The fan blades are fixedly connected to the straight end of the crankshaft. The auxiliary shell is fixed to the open end of the machine shell and packages the fan blades and the motor in the machine shell. The negative-pressure shell is of a barrel-shaped shell structure with one end being open and is fixed to the side, penetrating out of the crankshaft, of the auxiliary shell. The piston end of the crank piston adapts to the open end of the negative-pressure shell, penetrates into the negative-pressure shell from the open end of the negative-pressure shell and is in sliding connection in the negative-pressure shell, the crank end of the crank piston is connected with the eccentric end of the crankshaft, and the rotating shaft of the motor rotates to drive the crankshaft to drive the crank end of the crank piston to draw the piston end of the crank piston to do piston motion in the negative-pressure shell. The vacuum pump further comprises a first negative pressure sensing mechanismconnected to the auxiliary shell of the vacuum pump, performance early warning of the vacuum pump is carried out through the negative pressure sensing mechanism, and implementation of the scheme is reliable.

The invention discloses a pipeline for municipal construction and a construction method thereof. The pipeline comprises a pipe body, wherein an insertion pipe opening is formed in one side of the pipebody, a first positioning hole is formed in the surface of the insertion pipe opening, a first sealing gasket is fixedly connected to the surface of the insertion pipe opening, an insertion pipe opening thin pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the insertion pipe opening, and a wear-resistant layer is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the insertion pipe opening thin pipe. According tothe pipeline for municipal construction and the construction method thereof, a pipe connecting opening and an insertion pipe opening are formed, so that the construction difficulty of operators can be reduced, and the operation time is shortened; the two pipe openings are directly connected in a butt joint mode, positioning and fixing are carried out through a positioning mechanism, so that pipeline laying is rapidly completed, and the engineering time is shortened; and a wear-resistant heat preservation layer and an anti-corrosion and anti-rust layer are additionally arranged, so that the service life of the pipeline is prolonged, the construction cost is reduced, the probability of accidental damage to the pipe body is reduced, the pipe body is reinforced, and a better application prospect is brought.

The invention discloses flexible combined packaging gift box printing production equipment, and belongs to the technical field of packaging boxes, the flexible combined packaging gift box printing production equipment comprises a flexible combined packaging gift box printing production equipment main body, and the top of the flexible combined packaging gift box printing production equipment main body is provided with a processing device; the processing device comprises an air inlet pipe, a processing box, net cylinders, a fan and activated carbon, the processing box is arranged above the flexible combined packaging gift box printing production equipment body, the air inlet pipe is installed on one side of the processing box, the fan is installed on the side, away from the air inlet pipe, of the processing box, the multiple net cylinders are installed on the inner side of the processing box, and the activated carbon is installed on the outer side of the processing box. The inner side of the net cylinder is filled with activated carbon; according to the printing equipment, the treatment device is arranged, so that the equipment can perform certain treatment on peculiar smell emitted by pigment during printing when needed, the possibility that the peculiar smell affects the health of workers is reduced, and then the environmental protection property of the equipment is improved.

The invention relates to a container and a combined modular building applying the container, and belongs to the technical field of containers, the combined modular building comprises a box body, and rollers are arranged on the bottom surface of the box body; the box body is provided with an opening which penetrates through the box body and allows the exhibits to move in or out, and the opening is located in the side wall perpendicular to the length direction of the box body. A visiting opening used for visiting exhibits is formed in the side wall of the box body, and the side wall where the visiting opening is located directly faces visitors. And a side turning door for opening and closing the opening and a front turning door for opening and closing the visiting opening are rotationally arranged on the box body. The method has the advantage of improving the exhibit display effect.

The invention relates to a method of designing & manufacturing anti-counterfeiting RFID tags, the anti-counterfeiting RFID tags obtained and the anti-counterfeiting package related. The invention belongs to application of radio frequency identification technology. The tag design comprises an adopted folded dipole antenna form using fragile paper as antenna substrate board. Integrate antenna and fragile paper substrate board securely and firmly. In alignment with the central position of the chip overlay an “island”-type compound gasket on the bottom surface of fragile paper substrate, so that the antenna forms an arch spatial structure at the center position of the IC chip. Coating the fragile paper substrate surface with adhesive, then compounding with cover layer material which coated with release fragile film former. The sizes of surface material and adhesive are larger than that of the fragile paper substrate board. The tamper-evident anti-counterfeiting UHF RFID label achieved through this method can be read reliably on the metal surface. It can avoid or reduce the probability of accidental damage during label sticking and transportation and improve anti-counterfeiting performance effectively. This invention of designing and manufacturing method is ingenious, simple, inexpensive and of high capacity.

The invention discloses a movable type fixed pull ring bearing dynamometer which comprises a rack, wherein a first electric push rod is arranged on the rack; the front end of the first electric push rod is hinged with the rack, and a metering dynamometer is arranged at the rear end of the first electric push rod; a steering assembly is arranged behind the metering dynamometer; the front end of a tensile rope is connected to the metering dynamometer and passes through the steering assembly; the rear end of the tensile rope can be connected with a fixed pull ring needing to be measured; and a frustum-shaped frame which is used for connecting an inflation product and expands backwards is arranged on the rear side of the rack. According to the movable type fixed pull ring bearing dynamometer disclosed by the invention, the manpower and material resources are saved, the degree of automation is high, and the working efficiency is high.

The invention discloses an orthopedics repositor with a kirschner wire guide device, and relates to the technical field of orthopedics repositor, in particular to an orthopedics repositor with a kirschner wire guide device, which comprises a guide pipe body; a sliding chute is formed in the top of the outer wall of the guide pipe body, a column seat is arranged in the guide pipe body, an adjusting screw rod penetrates out of the column seat and is sleeved with a double-thread sealing cover, the guide pipe body is provided with a holding mechanism, the column seat is provided with a pressing plate, the pressing plate is welded to the column seat, a plurality of groove holes are formed in the pressing plate, a limiting mechanism penetrates out of the groove holes, a sleeve penetrates out of the limiting mechanism, and a plurality of limiting holes are formed in the sleeve and are formed in the guide pipe body; and one end of the guide pipe body is connected with a locking sealing cover, and the locking sealing cover is welded and fixed to a baffle. According to the invention, the Kirschner wire is accurately implanted under the condition of effective resetting and fixing, so that the operation precision is improved, the operation time is shortened, and the possibility of mistakenly damaging surrounding blood vessels and nerves is reduced.

The invention discloses a hob mounting position adjusting structure of a full face hard-rock tunnel boring machine. The hob mounting position adjusting structure comprises a hob supporting spindle and a supporting seat thereof. Two supporting side plates, which are respectively corresponding to two end portions of the hob supporting spindle, are arranged on the supporting seat. One end portion of the hob supporting spindle is supported on each of the two supporting side plates. Each of the two end portions of the hob supporting spindle is connected with the supporting side plate at the corresponding end through a mounting block. Each mounting block is a cylinder with three side faces, and the transverse section of each mounting block is an equilateral triangle. An axis of the hob supporting spindle deviates from the center of each mounting block. Through a corner of each mounting block, a supporting and clamping groove of each mounting block is formed in each supporting side plate, and a wedge block is fastened between one side face of each mounting block and one side wall of the corresponding supporting and clamping groove. The hob mounting position adjusting structure has the advantages that hob mounting height can be adjusted in a limited space, eccentric wear is avoided, accidental damage to tools is reduced, and service lives of the tools prolonged.